All articles starting with J
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Judenrat
Judenrat (pl. Judenräte), German-imposed Jewish council in WWII ghettos, also Ältestenrat. Created after Heydrich's 21 September 1939 memorandum; enforced Nazi orders while providing ghetto services; distinct from western bodies like the Joodsche Raad, AJB, and UGIF.
Judensau
The Judensau (Jews' sow) is a slanderous medieval Christian motif showing Jews in obscene contact with a sow, found on German-speaking churches from the 13th century; Wittenberg's relief was the subject of a 2022 German court ruling.
Judeo-Arabic
Judeo-Arabic (ʿArabiya Yahūdiya) denotes Arabic varieties written in Hebrew script and spoken by Jewish communities of the Middle East and North Africa, from pre-Islamic times through the Cairo Genizah, Saadia Gaon, and Maimonides to modern heritage dialects like Judeo-Baghdadi.
Judeo-Christian
Judeo-Christian, also called the Judaeo-Christian tradition, is an adjective pairing Judaism and Christianity, used for a claimed shared tradition and for Western civic values, popularized in the United States in the late 1930s against Nazism.
Judeo-Italian dialects
Judeo-Italian (giudeo-italiano) covers medieval Italian texts in Hebrew characters and the spoken parlate giudeo-italiane of ghettos from Rome to Livorno and Corfu, now nearly extinct; the last dialect, Judeo-Roman, survives among a few elderly speakers.
Judeo-Persian literature
Judeo-Persian literature is the body of texts written by Jews in the Persian language using the Hebrew alphabet, produced from the eighth century CE to the early twentieth century across Iran and Central Asia.
Judge
A judge is a court official who decides cases by applying law to facts, in inquisitorial civil law or adversarial common law systems, under appointment and independence safeguards set by the UN Basic Principles and Bangalore Principles.
Judge (band)
Judge: New York straight edge hardcore band formed 1987 by ex-Youth of Today members Mike "Judge" Ferraro and John Porcelly; New York Crew EP, Bringin' It Down LP (1989), disbanded 1991, reunited 2013.
Judge Advocate General (Canada)
The Judge Advocate General (Canada) is the most senior legal officer in the Canadian Armed Forces, appointed by the Governor in Council to oversee military justice.
Judge Advocate General Branch (Pakistan)
Judge Advocate General Branch (JAG Branch), Pakistan Army legal branch under the Pakistan Army Act 1952; judge advocates attend courts martial, supervise military courts, and handle appeals and civilian-trial jurisdiction.
Judge Advocate General of the Navy
The Judge Advocate General of the Navy leads the Navy JAG Corps and advises the Secretary of the Navy on military justice and related law. Office created 1880 after the 1865 Solicitor and Naval Judge Advocate General; first held by Marine Colonel William B. Remey.
Judge Advocate General of the United States Army
The Judge Advocate General of the United States Army (TJAG) is the Army's senior uniformed lawyer and head of the Judge Advocate General's Corps, an office dating to 1775.
Judge Advocate General's Corps
The Judge Advocate's Corps (JAG Corps) is the legal branch of a U.S. armed service, consisting of uniformed and civilian lawyers who provide military justice and legal assistance.
Judge Advocate General's Department (India)
The Judge Advocate General's Department (JAG Department) is the legal and judicial wing of the Indian Army, handling courts martial, discipline, and litigation; its Corps Day is 21 December 1949, motto Nayaya Eva Dharma.
Judge C. R. Magney State Park
Judge C. R. Magney State Park, formerly Brule River State Park, is a Minnesota state park near Grand Marais on Lake Superior's North Shore, home to the Devil's Kettle waterfall, whose vanishing half of the Brule River was shown by 2016 flow measurements to rejoin the river downstream.
Judge Dee
Judge Dee, also known as Detective Dee, is a fictional Tang dynasty magistrate-detective based on the statesman Di Renjie, created by Dutch sinologist Robert van Gulik in 1949.
Judge Dredd
Judge Dredd (Joseph "Joe" Dredd), British comics character created by John Wagner and Carlos Ezquerra for 2000 AD Prog 2 (5 March 1977); a Mega-City One street judge with judge-jury-executioner powers, longest-running 2000 AD character, adapted in the 1995 and 2012 films with a Taika Waititi film in development.
Judge Dredd (film)
Judge Dredd (1995 film), Danny Cannon's sci-fi action movie starring Sylvester Stallone, adapted from the 2000 AD comic by Wagner and Ezquerra; released June 30, 1995, grossed $34.7M in the US against a ~$90M budget and holds 22% on Rotten Tomatoes.
Judge Girl
Judge Girl (소녀심판, Sonyeosimpan), also Girl Judge, is a 2026 South Korean action comedy film written and directed by Ryu Gwang-hyun, starring Chae Won-bin as a reformed school fighter who secretly defends classmates as a masked tracksuit student; released April 1, 2026, 90 minutes, by Laon+.
Judge Holden
Judge Holden is the gigantic, bald, profoundly learned antagonist of Cormac McCarthy's novel Blood Meridian, a deputy in a scalp-hunting gang in the Mexico borderlands.
Judge Jeanine Pirro
Jeanine Pirro, "Judge Jeanine": Westchester County judge and district attorney, Fox News host of Justice with Judge Jeanine and The Five, and since 2025 U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia.
Judge Jerry
Judge Jerry: American syndicated arbitration-based court show (2019-2022, NBCUniversal) in which Jerry Springer adjudicated real small-claims disputes as a binding private arbitrator; three seasons, over 350 episodes, canceled March 2022.
Judge Judy
Judge Judy is an American syndicated courtroom reality series (1996–2021, 25 seasons, 6,379 episodes) in which retired New York judge Judith Sheindlin arbitrates real small-claims disputes, with awards paid by the show.
Judge Jules
Judge Jules, born Julius O'Riordan in 1966, is a British dance music DJ and entertainment lawyer who presented on BBC Radio 1 from 1997 to 2012.
Judge Mathis
Judge Mathis is an American syndicated arbitration court show (1999-2023, 24 seasons) presided over by Greg Mathis, former 36th District Court judge of Michigan, featuring binding small-claims rulings.
Judge Reinhold
Judge Reinhold (Edward Ernest Reinhold Jr., born 1957, Wilmington, Delaware) is an American actor known for Fast Times at Ridgemont High, the Beverly Hills Cop films as Billy Rosewood, Ruthless People, and The Santa Clause trilogy.
Judge Reinhold filmography
Judge Reinhold filmography: credits of American actor Edward Ernest Reinhold Jr. (born 1957), known as Billy Rosewood in all four Beverly Hills Cop films, Brad Hamilton in Fast Times, and Neil in The Santa Clause trilogy.
Judge Rinder
Judge Rinder is a British ITV daytime reality court show (2014–2021) in which criminal barrister Robert Rinder, not a judge, rules by binding arbitration on real small-claims disputes, styled after Judge Judy with camp humour and over a million viewers per episode.
Judge Stone (novel)
Judge Stone is a 2026 legal thriller by James Patterson and Viola Davis, her debut novel, about Alabama judge Mary Stone presiding over an illegal-abortion trial; a #1 NYT bestseller.
Judge-Advocate of the Forces
The Judge-Advocate of the Forces, known as the Judge Advocate General, is the British officer created in 1666 to advise the Crown on military law and supervise courts-martial.