All articles starting with K
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Kolkhoz Charter of 1935
The Kolkhoz Charter of 1935 (Примерный устав сельскохозяйственной артели), formally the Model Charter of the Agricultural Artel, set the land, labor, and household-plot rules for Soviet collective farms.
Kolkhoz system
The kolkhoz system (колхозы) was the Soviet arrangement of collective farms in which peasants farmed state-owned land together and were paid in labor-days, dominant from 1929.
Kolkhoze
Kolkhoze is a 2025 autobiographical narrative by Emmanuel Carrère (P.O.L, August 28, 2025) about his mother Hélène Carrère d'Encausse and four generations of family history; it won the Prix Médicis 2025.
Kollam (Quilon) Syrian copper plates
The Kollam (Quilon) Syrian copper plates are five inscribed copper sheets granting land and privileges to a Christian church at Kollam, Kerala, in 849 AD.
Kollam (കൊല്ലം)
Kollam (കൊല്ലം), also Quilon or Desinganadu, is a port city and municipal corporation in Kerala, India, 71 km north of Thiruvananthapuram. Ancient spice-trade port, origin of the 825 CE Malayalam Era, cashew-processing center, and home of Kollam Port and Neendakara fishing harbour.
Kolleru Lake
Kolleru Lake is one of India's largest freshwater lakes, a Ramsar wetland in Andhra Pradesh that acts as a flood-balancing reservoir between the Godavari and Krishna deltas.
Kolli Hills (கொல்லிமலை)
Kolli Hills (Kollimalai), a plateau in the Eastern Ghats of Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu, India, at about 1,200–1,300 m; known for evergreen shola forests, Agaya Gangai falls, black pepper, and Sangam-era chieftain Valvil Ori.
Kollmorgen
Kollmorgen is an American motion control and automation company that makes servo and stepper motors, drives, and AGV navigation systems, founded in 1916 as an optics maker.
Kolltan Pharmaceuticals
Kolltan Pharmaceuticals was a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company in New Haven, Connecticut, founded in 2007 by Joseph Schlessinger and Arthur Altschul, and acquired by Celldex Therapeutics in 2016.
Kollu Ravindra
Kollu Ravindra is an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh who represents Machilipatnam in the state assembly and serves as Telugu Desam Party minister for mines, geology, and excise.
Kollur Mine
The Kollur Mine, also known as the Kollur Diamond Mine, was a historic alluvial diamond mine on the Krishna River in Andhra Pradesh, India, active in the seventeenth century.
Kollytos
Kollytos (Κολλυτός, Latin Collytus) was a small, wealthy city deme of the tribe Aigeis inside Athens' walls, between the Pnyx and the Hill of the Nymphs; home of Plato, host of a Rural Dionysia, attested by one decree of 327/6 BC.
Kolmanskop
Kolmanskop is an abandoned diamond-mining ghost town in the Namib desert about 10 km from Lüderitz, Namibia, founded after a 1908 diamond find and abandoned by 1956.
Kolmården zoo
Kolmården Zoo (Kolmårdens djurpark), opened 1965 near Norrköping, is the largest zoo in the Nordics at 1.75 km², known for the Safari gondola, Wildfire coaster, and its dolphinarium, which has been under phase-out and regulatory criticism since 2022.
Kolmogorov complexity
Kolmogorov complexity, also known as algorithmic entropy or program-size complexity, is the length of the shortest program producing a given string, a measure discovered independently by Solomonoff, Kolmogorov, and Chaitin.
Kolmogorov equations
The Kolmogorov equations are the forward and backward differential equations, introduced by Andrei Kolmogorov in 1931, that describe how the transition probabilities of a Markov process change over time.
Kolmogorov extension theorem
The Kolmogorov extension theorem, also called the Daniell–Kolmogorov theorem, is a result in probability theory: consistent finite-dimensional distributions determine a probability measure on the product space.
Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks
Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks (KAN), proposed in 2024, are neural network architectures placing learnable univariate activation functions on edges instead of fixed node activations, offering interpretability and symbolic formulas.
Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theorem
The Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theorem, or KAM theorem, states that most invariant tori of an integrable Hamiltonian system survive a small perturbation. Kolmogorov stated it in 1954; Arnold and Moser proved it in the early 1960s.
Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy
Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy, also called metric entropy or measure-theoretic entropy, measures the average rate at which a dynamical system creates information, introduced by Kolmogorov in 1958 and extended by Sinai in 1959.
Kolmogorov–Smirnov test
The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, or K–S test, is a nonparametric statistical test comparing probability distributions via the largest gap between cumulative distribution functions, proposed by Kolmogorov and Smirnov in the 1930s.
Kolmogorov's inequality
Kolmogorov's inequality, also called Kolmogorov's maximal inequality, is a probability result bounding the chance that any partial sum of independent, zero-mean, finite-variance random variables exceeds a threshold, key to the strong law of large numbers.
Kolmogorov's three-series theorem
Kolmogorov's three-series theorem, also called the three series theorem, gives necessary and sufficient conditions for almost sure convergence of a series of independent random variables.
Kolmogorov's zero–one law
Kolmogorov's zero–one law, also called Kolmogorov's 0-1 law, is a probability theorem stating every tail event of independent random variables has probability 0 or 1.
Köln 75
Köln 75 (Cologne 75) is a 2025 German-Polish-Belgian film by Ido Fluk starring Mala Emde as promoter Vera Brandes and John Magaro as Keith Jarrett, dramatizing the 1975 Cologne concert behind the best-selling solo piano album The Köln Concert; it premiered at the Berlinale and earned four German Film Award nominations.
Köln-Marienburg
Köln-Marienburg, a Cologne district in borough Rodenkirchen, hosts the Roman Alteburg, main base of the classis Germanica fleet (7.36 ha, UNESCO Lower Germanic Limes), plus a villa colony and Prussian Zwischenwerk VIIIb fortress museum.
Kölner Haie
Kölner Haie (Cologne Sharks), KEC "Die Haie" e.V., Cologne ice hockey club founded August 1972 from Kölner EK; DEL founding member, eight German titles (1977–2002), European record attendance 18,112 at LANXESS arena in 2025/26.
Kolo
Kolo (коло) is a South Slavic chain dance in which interlinked dancers move in a circular line, performed across Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia and inscribed by UNESCO in 2017.
Kolo Touré
Kolo Touré, Ivorian defender and coach born 1981 in Bouaké; Arsenal Invincible, Manchester City and Liverpool player, 2015 Africa Cup of Nations winner, later Wigan manager and Manchester City assistant coach.
Kolob
Kolob is the great governing star nearest to the throne of God in the Latter-day Saint Book of Abraham, canonized in 1880, where one day equals a thousand Earth years.