All articles starting with L

Later Qin

Later Qin (后秦) was a Qiang-led state of the Sixteen Kingdoms period, founded by Yao Chang around Chang'an after the collapse of Former Qin and conquered in 417.

Later Rajataranginis

The Later Rajataranginis (द्वितीय राजतरंगिणी) are Sanskrit chronicles of Kashmir continuing Kalhana's Rajatarangini of 1148, written by Jonaraja, Srivara, Prajyabhatta, and Suka down to after 1586.

Later Tang

Later Tang (后唐) was a Chinese dynasty of the Five Dynasties period, founded by Li Cunxu in 923 when he proclaimed a restoration of the Tang house.

Sep 25, 2026

Later Tang conquest of Former Shu

The Later Tang conquest of Former Shu (后唐灭前蜀) was the 925 campaign in which Later Tang, under Emperor Zhuangzong, destroyed the Shu regime in Sichuan.

Oct 22, 2026

Later Three Kingdoms

The Later Three Kingdoms (후삼국시대) was a period of Korean history, 892 to 936, when Silla, Later Baekje, and Later Goguryeo contended until Goryeo reunified the peninsula.

Sep 24, 2026

Later Three Years' War

The Later Three Years' War (Gosannen no Eki) was fought in northern Japan's Mutsu and Dewa provinces from 1083 to 1087, as Minamoto no Yoshiie intervened in a Kiyohara clan feud.

Later Vedic expansion into the Ganga valley

Later Vedic expansion into the Ganga valley was the eastward settlement of Indo-Aryan peoples into the middle Ganga plain, producing the kingdoms of Kashi, Kosala, and Videha.

Later Yan

Later Yan (後燕) was a Xianbei state in northern China founded by Murong Chui in 384 or 386, with its capital at Zhongshan, and destroyed by Northern Wei.

Later Zhao

Later Zhao was a Sixteen Kingdoms state in northern China founded by Shi Le in 319 at Xiangguo, which at its height controlled the North China plain to the Huai River.

Later Zhou (后周) was the last of China's Five Dynasties. Its institutional work under Shizong, including centralization, legal revision, and army reform, laid the foundation for the Song reunification.

Sep 25, 2026

Later Zhou land and tax reforms under Shizong

The Later Zhou land and tax reforms under Shizong equalized the land tax with the Equal-field Chart and returned estate land, oxen, and houses to tenants as permanent property.

Later-no-harm criterion

Later-no-harm criterion, a voting-system property defined by Douglas Woodall (1997): adding a later preference to a ballot cannot make a higher-ranked candidate lose. Satisfied by plurality, IRV, two-round, DSC; failed by Borda, Condorcet, score, approval; trades off with favorite betrayal.

Oct 22, 2026

Lateral 2D semiconductor heterostructures

Lateral 2D semiconductor heterostructures are in-plane junctions where atomically thin semiconductor monolayers, most often transition metal dichalcogenides like MoS₂ and WSe₂, are covalently stitched into one plane.

Lateral coital position

Lateral coital position: a side-lying, face-to-face intercourse posture formalized by Masters and Johnson as the final phase of orgasmic-dysfunction therapy; also called the side-by-side position and favored in pain-related position guidance.

Lateral condensation

Lateral condensation is a root canal obturation technique in endodontics in which gutta-percha cones are compacted with a spreader to seal the canal, the classic cold filling method most commonly taught in US dental schools.

Oct 15, 2026

Lateral connectivity

Lateral connectivity is the water-mediated exchange of water, energy, materials, and organisms between a river channel and its floodplain, one of three dimensions of river connectivity.

Lateral consonant

Lateral consonant: speech sounds with airflow over the sides of the tongue, such as /l/, ɬ, ʎ, and lateral clicks. Present in 83.2% of surveyed languages; vary from light to dark /l/ across positions and languages.

Oct 20, 2026

Lateral dislocation of patella

Lateral dislocation of patella, also called lateral patellar dislocation, is a knee injury where the kneecap displaces outward, typically without contact, in young and active people.

Lateral earth pressure

Lateral earth pressure is the horizontal stress soil exerts against retaining walls, basement walls, and abutments; its magnitude depends on wall movement, giving at-rest, active, and passive design states.

Lateral flow test

Lateral flow test, also called lateral flow immunoassay or rapid diagnostic test: a single-use capillary-flow strip assay giving results in 10–20 minutes; first commercialized as the 1984 Unipath pregnancy test, used for malaria, HIV, COVID-19 and more.

Lateral force microscopy

Lateral force microscopy (LFM), also called friction force microscopy, is a scanning probe technique derived from atomic force microscopy that maps friction and material contrast.

Lateral geniculate nucleus

Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), also lateral geniculate body: thalamic relay nucleus of the visual pathway, with six magnocellular, parvocellular, and koniocellular layers, sending optic radiations to primary visual cortex.

Lateral grey column

Lateral grey column (lateral horn, columna grisea lateralis medullae spinalis): small lateral projection of spinal cord grey matter at T1–L2/L3 containing preganglionic sympathetic neurons (intermediolateral cell column), with axons reaching the sympathetic trunk via white rami communicantes.

Lateral internal sphincterotomy

Lateral internal sphincterotomy, also called internal anal sphincterotomy, is surgery that divides part of the internal anal sphincter to lower anal pressure and heal a chronic anal fissure.

Oct 21, 2026

Lateral luxation of tooth

Lateral luxation of tooth (ICD-11 NA0D.13) is a traumatic dental injury displacing a tooth non-axially with alveolar socket fracture; treated by repositioning and splinting, with pulp necrosis risk of 57% in permanent teeth.

Lateral medullary syndrome

Lateral medullary syndrome, also called Wallenberg syndrome or PICA syndrome, is a brainstem stroke from blockage of the vertebral artery or PICA, causing vertigo, hoarseness, and difficulty swallowing.

Oct 21, 2026

Lateral meningocele syndrome

Lateral meningocele syndrome, also called Lehman syndrome (LMS, OMIM 130720), is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by truncating NOTCH3 exon 33 variants, causing multiple lateral spinal meningoceles, distinctive facial features, and skeletal anomalies with usually normal cognition.

Lateral pterygoid muscle

Lateral pterygoid muscle (musculus pterygoideus lateralis), a two-headed muscle of mastication in the infratemporal fossa; innervated by the lateral pterygoid nerve (CN V3), protrudes and depresses the mandible, and varies from one to four heads in about a quarter of people.

Lateral sectionectomy

Lateral sectionectomy is an anatomical liver resection removing the left lateral section of the liver, Couinaud segments II and III, performed open, laparoscopically, robotically, and as living-donor graft harvest.