All articles starting with L
25,375 articles
LEARNERS study
LEARNERS (NCT06589323) is a completed prospective observational cohort study at Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, defining the learning curve for residents in TTFM and HRUS graft assessment during CABG; endpoint reached after a median of 3 cases and 7 anastomoses.
Learning
Learning: the relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge resulting from experience (behavioral learning). Covers classical, operant, and observational conditioning, the cognitive revolution's marginalization of behaviorism, and retrieval practice and spacing effects.
Learning Assistant Model
The Learning Assistant model is an undergraduate STEM education approach in which students assist faculty in large courses, begun at the University of Colorado Boulder in 2001.
Learning automata
A learning automaton is a stochastic decision-making device that updates action probabilities from a reinforcement signal, a foundation of reinforcement learning introduced by Tsetlin in 1961.
Learning by teaching
Learning by teaching is a pedagogical method in which students learn material by preparing and teaching it to other students, teachable agents, or an audience, with measurable cognitive benefits.
Learning classifier system
A learning classifier system (LCS) is a rule-based evolutionary machine learning method that combines a genetic algorithm with reinforcement or supervised learning, originating with John Holland and refined by Stewart Wilson's 1995 XCS.
Learning curve
Learning curve: a graph of performance (time, errors, cost) plotted against practice or experience. Also called acquisition curve; shaped by the contested power law of practice versus exponential fits, Wright's 1936 industrial curve, and Fitts-Posner skill phases.
Learning cycle
The learning cycle is a four-stage pedagogical model introduced by David Kolb, describing learning as a repeating sequence of concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation.
Learning disability
Learning disability, clinically called specific learning disorder (DSM-5) or Developmental Learning Disorder (ICD-11), is a neurodevelopmental disorder causing persistent reading, writing, or math impairment despite adequate intelligence and instruction, affecting an estimated 5 to 15% of school-age children.
Learning from Las Vegas
Learning from Las Vegas is a 1972 book by Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown, and Steven Izenour studying the Las Vegas Strip's commercial architecture and signage.
Learning management system
A learning management system (LMS), also known as a virtual learning environment or course management system, is web-based software for administering online courses, assessments, and training.
Learning organization
A learning organization is an organization deliberately designed and managed to learn continuously, a concept popularized by Peter Senge's 1990 book The Fifth Discipline and distinct from organizational learning.
Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump
A 2026 United States Supreme Court decision holding that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not authorize presidential tariffs, striking down tariffs imposed by executive order in 2025.
Learning styles
Learning styles are the claim, e.g. VARK visual-auditory-kinesthetic types, that instruction matched to a learner's preferred style improves learning; the meshing hypothesis lacks experimental support, with crossover interactions found in only about a quarter of matching studies.
Learning theory (education)
Learning theory (education) comprises frameworks such as behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and connectivism that explain how people acquire, process, retain, and recall knowledge, informing instructional design and assessment, with learning styles as a noted evidence-free counterexample.
Learning to Love My Cat-like Classmate
Learning to Love My Cat-like Classmate (Tonari no Neko to Koi Shirazu, also The Deskmate Cat and the Love Novice) is a romantic comedy manga by Akinoko about shy student Minato Seno and cat-like classmate Mugi Nekozane, serialized since 2023.
Learning to Prompt
Learning to Prompt (L2P) is a continual learning method that trains a frozen pre-trained model on sequential tasks via a learnable prompt pool, introduced in a 2022 CVPR paper.
Learning to rank
Learning to rank, also called machine-learned ranking or learn to rank, is the machine learning task of building a model that sorts documents by their relevance to a query.
Learning vector quantization
Learning vector quantization (LVQ) is a supervised, prototype-based classification algorithm, introduced by Teuvo Kohonen, that assigns each input the label of its nearest prototype vector.
Learning with errors problem
The learning with errors (LWE) problem asks one to recover a secret vector from noisy linear equations modulo an integer, and serves as the central hardness assumption for lattice-based cryptography.
Learning without Forgetting
Learning without Forgetting is a 2016 continual learning method by Zhizhong Li and Derek Hoiem that trains a neural network on new tasks without forgetting old ones.
Learning-based model predictive control
Learning-based model predictive control (LBMPC) combines model predictive control with machine learning that improves the controller from data; applications include autonomous racing, quadrotor flight, and building climate control.
Learning-by-doing
Learning-by-doing is the fall in unit cost from cumulative production experience itself, formalized by Kenneth Arrow in 1962 and typically a 20% cost cut per doubling.
LearnUpon (company)
LearnUpon is a Dublin-based software company, founded in 2012 by Brendan Noud and Des Anderson, that develops a cloud learning management system for corporate training.
Lease
A lease, also known as a tenancy agreement or lease contract, is a contract conveying the right to control the use of an asset for a period in exchange for payment.
Lease accounting
Lease accounting is the financial reporting rules for leases, requiring lessees since 2019 under IFRS 16 and ASC 842 to put nearly all leases on the balance sheet.
Lease administration
Lease administration is the ongoing management of a signed commercial lease, covering critical dates, rent billing, CAM reconciliation, and obligations, increasingly a compliance function under IFRS 16.
Leaseback
Leaseback, also sale and leaseback or sale-leaseback: a transaction where an owner sells property or equipment and immediately leases it back from the buyer, releasing capital while keeping use of the asset; governed by ASC 842 and IFRS 16 sale-accounting tests.
Leased line
A leased line, also known as a dedicated or private circuit, is a dedicated, symmetric telecommunications circuit reserved for a single customer between two fixed locations.
Leasehold estate
Leasehold estate: a nonfreehold property interest giving exclusive possession of land for a fixed term, also called a term of years; distinct from freehold, with assignment versus sublease rules and UK leasehold reform context.