All articles starting with L

Leopold Gegenbauer

Leopold Gegenbauer (1849–1903) was an Austrian mathematician who held chairs at Czernowitz, Innsbruck, and Vienna, and is known for the Gegenbauer polynomials, which unify the Legendre and Chebyshev families.

Leopold Godowsky Jr.

Leopold Godowsky Jr. (1900–1983) was an American concert violinist and photographic chemist who, with Leopold Mannes, codeveloped Kodachrome, the first practical color transparency film, introduced in 1935.

Leopold Horner

Leopold Horner (1911–2005) was a German organic chemist and professor at the University of Mainz, namesake of the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination, a widely used reaction for forming carbon–carbon double bonds.

Leopold I of Anhalt-Dessau

Leopold I of Anhalt-Dessau, the "Old Dessauer" (der alte Dessauer), 1676–1747, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau and Prussian Generalfeldmarschall; reformed the Prussian infantry with the iron ramrod and cadenced step, won Kesselsdorf 1745.

Leopold I of Belgium

Leopold I (Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, 1790-1865), first King of the Belgians: elected 4 June 1831, oath 21 July 1831; married Princess Charlotte then Louise-Marie of Orleans; consolidated Belgium against Dutch hostility until 1839.

Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor

Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (1640–1705), ruled the Habsburg Monarchy from 1657 and was emperor from 1658, his reign dominated by wars against the Ottomans and Louis XIV.

Leopold II of Belgium

Leopold II of Belgium (1835–1909), King of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909, founded and personally ruled the Congo Free State, whose exploitative rule became an international scandal.

Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor

Leopold II (1747–1792), Grand Duke of Tuscany 1765–1790 as Pietro Leopoldo, was Holy Roman Emperor and Habsburg ruler 1790–1792, succeeding Joseph II, issuing the Padua Circular and Pillnitz Declaration before France declared war.

Leopold III of Belgium

Leopold III (1901–1983), fourth King of the Belgians (1934–1951), took personal command of the army, surrendered unconditionally in 1940 against his government, was deported, and abdicated after the Royal Question referendum of 1950.

Leopold III, Duke of Austria

Leopold III, Duke of Austria, called the Just, was a Habsburg duke who ruled Austria, Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola, and fell at the Battle of Sempach in 1386.

Leopold Infeld

Leopold Infeld (1898–1968) was a Polish theoretical physicist who co-authored the Born–Infeld theory, the Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations, and the popular book The Evolution of Physics with Einstein.

Sep 21, 2026

Leopold Jaroslav Pospisil

Leopold Jaroslav Pospisil (1923–2021) was a Czech-born American legal anthropologist at Yale, a co-founder of the anthropology of law and the theory of legal pluralism.

Leopold Joseph von Daun

Leopold Joseph von Daun (1705–1766) was an Austrian field marshal and president of the Hofkriegsrat, best known for repeatedly defeating Frederick II of Prussia in the Seven Years' War.

Leopold Karl Goetz

Leopold Karl Goetz (1868–1931) was a German Old Catholic theologian, philosopher, and Slavist who served as the first professor of Philosophical Propaedeutic at the University of Bonn from 1902 until his death.

Léopold Louis-Dreyfus

Léopold Louis-Dreyfus, also known as Léopold Dreyfus, was an Alsatian grain merchant who founded Louis-Dreyfus & Cie in 1851, which grew into Louis Dreyfus Company.

Leopold Löwenheim

Leopold Löwenheim (1878–1957) was a German schoolteacher and mathematician in Berlin who proved in 1915 the first significant metalogical theorem, now known as the Löwenheim–Skolem theorem.

Leopold Mannes

Leopold Mannes (Leopold Damrosch Mannes, 1899–1964) was an American pianist and composer who co-invented Kodachrome, the first practical color transparency film, with Leopold Godowsky Jr.

Leopold Mozart

Leopold Mozart (Johann Georg Leopold Mozart, 1719–1787), Augsburg-born Salzburg court violinist, deputy Kapellmeister, composer, and author of the 1756 Violinschule; father and teacher of Wolfgang Amadeus and Nannerl Mozart.

Leopold Okulicki

Leopold Okulicki, pseudonym Niedźwiadek, was a Polish brigadier general and the last commander of the Home Army, dissolving it in 1945 before his Soviet arrest.

Sep 21, 2026

Leopold Ruzicka

Leopold Ruzicka (Leopold Ružička, 1887–1976) was a Croatian-born Swiss chemist at ETH Zurich who won the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on terpenes and synthesized testosterone.

Leopold Schönbauer

Leopold Schönbauer (1888–1963) was an Austrian surgeon regarded as the founder of neurosurgery in Austria, director of Vienna General Hospital, and rector of the University of Vienna.

Léopold Sédar Senghor

Léopold Sédar Senghor (1906–2001), Senegalese poet and first President of Senegal (1960–1980), co-founder of Négritude with Césaire and Damas, first African member of the Académie française.

Leopold Staff

Leopold Staff (1878–1957) was a Polish poet, dramatist, and translator ranked with Julian Tuwim and Bolesław Leśmian among the greatest Polish poets of the 20th century.

Leopold Stokowski

Leopold Stokowski (1882–1977), English-born American conductor, led the Philadelphia Orchestra 1912–1941, created the Philadelphia Sound, pioneered stereo recording with Bell Labs, and conducted Disney's Fantasia.

Leopold V, Archduke of Austria

Leopold V was an Archduke of Austria of the House of Habsburg who held the bishoprics of Passau and Strasbourg and ruled Tyrol from 1630 until his death in 1632.

Leopold VI of Austria

Leopold VI of Austria, called the Glorious, was duke of Austria and Styria from 1194 to 1230, joining the Fifth Crusade and granting Vienna its town charter in 1221.

Leopold Vietoris

Leopold Vietoris (1891–2002) was an Austrian mathematician at the University of Innsbruck whose name is attached to the Mayer–Vietoris sequence, the Vietoris–Begle theorem, and the Vietoris–Rips complex.

Leopold von Sacher-Masoch

Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836–1895), Austrian writer born in Lemberg, author of Venus in Furs (1870) and the Legacy of Cain cycle; Krafft-Ebing derived the term masochism from his name.

Leopold Wilhelm of Austria

Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (1614–1662) was a Habsburg archduke, son of Emperor Ferdinand II, who commanded imperial armies in the Thirty Years' War and governed the Spanish Netherlands.