All articles starting with L
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Leucyl aminopeptidase
Leucyl aminopeptidase, also known as leucine aminopeptidase or cytosol aminopeptidase, is a metal-dependent enzyme of peptidase family M17 that cleaves amino acids from the N-termini of proteins, favoring leucine.
Leukai (Laconia)
Leukai (Λεῦκαι), also Leucae, a Hellenistic settlement of Laconia near Molaoi at the edge of the plain of Leuce, seat region of the Augustan-era koinon of the Free Laconians; obscure location, distinct from Ionian Leucae.
Leukapheresis
Leukapheresis (leukocytapheresis) is an apheresis procedure that removes white blood cells from circulated blood and returns the rest. Used for hyperleukocytosis cytoreduction, stem cell and CAR T-cell collection; main risk is citrate-induced hypocalcemia.
Leuke Akte
Leuke Akte (Λευκὴ ἀκτή, White Cape) was an ancient Egyptian coastal town and commercial harbor at Ras el-Hekma, with an Isis-Aphrodite cult and Apollo oracle; a namesake settlement existed in Thrace.
Leuke Kome
Leuke Kome, or Leuce Come, meaning "the White Village," was an ancient Nabataean seaport and customs post on the Red Sea coast of northwest Arabia, in modern Saudi Arabia.
Leukemia
Leukemia is a group of cancers of the blood-forming tissues in which abnormal white blood cells crowd out normal marrow production, divided into acute and chronic myeloid and lymphoid types.
Leukemia (journal)
Leukemia is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering leukemia and allied hematologic malignancies, founded in 1987 and published by Springer Nature since 2000, with a 2024 impact factor of 13.4.
Leukemia & lymphoma
Leukemia & Lymphoma (Leuk Lymphoma) is a monthly peer-reviewed journal on hematological malignancies founded in 1989, published by Taylor & Francis, MEDLINE-indexed since 1992, hybrid open access, 14 issues yearly.
Leukemia inhibitory factor
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic interleukin-6 family cytokine, cloned at WEHI in 1987, that signals through LIFR-gp130 and STAT3, maintains mouse embryonic stem cell pluripotency, and acts in implantation, bone, and cancer.
Leukimma Pr.
Leukimma Pr. (Λευκίμμη, Leucimme) is an ancient promontory of Corcyra (Corfu), the modern Akra Lefkimis on the island's southeast coast; named by Thucydides, Strabo, Ptolemy, and Pliny, and site of the 435 BC Corcyraean naval victory trophy over Corinth.
Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test
Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test (LAI test), an in vitro assay of cell-mediated antitumor immunity first described by Halliday in 1972, in which cancer patients' leukocytes lose glass adherence when exposed to matching tumor extracts, mediated by LAIF and blocked by serum.
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD): rare autosomal recessive immunodeficiency in which neutrophils cannot adhere to vessel walls and exit blood; subtypes LAD-I (ITGB2/CD18), LAD-II (SLC35C1), LAD-III (FERMT3); recurrent infections, neutrophilia, delayed cord separation.
Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2
Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2, chondromodulin-II) is a 16-kDa hepatokine from chromosome 5q31.1, first a neutrophil chemoattractant, now tied to liver disease, sepsis, metabolism, and ALECT2 renal amyloidosis.
Leukocyte Count
Leukocyte count, also called WBC count or white blood cell count, is a CBC blood test measuring leukocytes, normally about 4,500–11,000 cells/µL in adults; high counts (leukocytosis) suggest infection or inflammation, low counts (leukopenia) suggest marrow or immune disease.
Leukocyte Reduction Procedures
Leukocyte reduction (leukoreduction, leukofiltration) removes most donor white blood cells from red cell and platelet units via filtration to under 5.0 x 10^6 residual WBCs, preventing febrile non-hemolytic reactions, HLA alloimmunization, and CMV transmission.
Leukocyte Transfusion
Leukocyte (granulocyte) transfusion, GTX, is donor neutrophil transfusion for severe neutropenia with refractory bacterial or fungal infection; evidence from the RING trial and Cochrane reviews shows uncertain benefit, with dose-response signals and risks of pulmonary reactions and alloimmunization.
Leukocyte-specific transcript 1, LST-1
Leukocyte-specific transcript 1 (LST-1) is a small human transmembrane adaptor protein, encoded on chromosome 6 in the MHC class III region, that is expressed in myeloid immune cells and linked to inflammation.
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV), also called hypersensitivity vasculitis or cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis, is a histopathologic pattern of neutrophilic small-vessel vasculitis with leukocytoclasia and fibrinoid necrosis, presenting as palpable purpura of the lower legs.
Leukocytosis
Elevated white blood cell count (leukocytosis): WBC above 11,000/mm³ in nonpregnant adults, usually reactive from infection, inflammation, stress, smoking, or drugs, but sometimes leukemia; classified by cell type.
Leukodystrophy
Leukodystrophy: a group of over 50 rare inherited genetic disorders damaging CNS white matter myelin (also called the leukodystrophies). Progressive; diagnosed by MRI and genetic testing; treated with transplant or, for early MLD, Lenmeldy gene therapy.
Leukoencephalopathy with bilateral anterior temporal lobe cysts
Leukoencephalopathy with bilateral anterior temporal lobe cysts (ORPHA:139444) is a rare nonprogressive neurological disorder of infancy with intellectual deficit, spasticity, motor retardation, temporal lobe cysts on MRI, sensorineural deafness, and unknown, possibly autosomal recessive cause.
Leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement-high lactate syndrome
LBSL, leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement-high lactate syndrome (MIM 611105), is a rare autosomal recessive leukodystrophy caused by DARS2 variants, marked by selective tract MRI abnormalities, elevated white matter lactate, and progressive ataxia and spasticity.
Leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts
Leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts (LCC, Labrune syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive SNORD118-related cerebral microangiopathy with the MRI triad of white matter disease, calcifications, and cysts, purely neurological and distinct from Coats plus.
Leukoencephalopathy-spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia syndrome
Leukoencephalopathy-spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia syndrome (H-SMD, ORPHA:83629, OMIM 300232) is a rare X-linked recessive AIFM1-related disorder combining hypomyelinating leukodystrophy with spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, onset in infancy.
Leukoencephalopathy-thalamus and brainstem anomalies-high lactate syndrome
LTBL (leukoencephalopathy with thalamus and brainstem involvement and high lactate) is a rare EARS2-related mitochondrial myelination disorder with infantile onset, MRI thalamus/brainstem lesions, high lactate, and mild or severe phenotypes.
Leukonoion
Leukonoion (Λευκονοιεύς), also Latinized Leuconoe, was an Attic asty deme of the tribe Leontis, unlocated but tentatively placed near Peristeri. Known for citizens such as Demochares, Demosthenes' nephew, and the general Aristophanes.
Leukonychia
Leukonychia, or white nails, is whitening of the nail plate classified as true (plate), apparent (bed, e.g. Terry, Lindsay, Muehrcke signs), or pseudoleukonychia; causes range from trauma to liver and kidney disease.
Leukonychia totalis
Leukonychia totalis, or porcelain nails, is a rare nail disorder with complete white discoloration of all nails; usually autosomal dominant (PLCD1 gene), neonatal onset, or acquired with cirrhosis, hypoalbuminemia, and other systemic disease.
Leukopenia
Leukopenia (leukocytopenia) is a white blood cell count below 4000/mcL, usually from neutropenia. Causes include chemotherapy, HIV, sepsis, and marrow cancers; Duffy-null (ACKR1/DARC) neutropenia is a benign variant.
Leukoplakia
Oral leukoplakia, also called leukoplakia of the oral mucosa, is a predominantly white oral patch of questionable risk, the most common oral potentially malignant disorder, with about 6.64% pooled malignant transformation risk.