All articles starting with L
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Lich (Dungeons & Dragons)
The lich is a D&D undead wizard who keeps mind and power after death, anchored to a phylactery or spirit jar. Invented in 1975 from Gardner Fox's story; 2024 rules give it 315 HP, AC 20, CR 21.
Lich trieu hien chuong loai chi
Lịch triều hiến chương loại chí is an encyclopedic institutional history of Vietnam compiled by Phan Huy Chu between 1809 and 1819, regarded as Vietnam's first encyclopedia.
Lichas
Lichas (Dalman, 1827) is an extinct genus of lichid trilobites, type genus of family Lichidae in order Lichida, Ordovician to Devonian, fast-moving epifaunal carnivores; not the scorpion genus Lychas.
Lichen
Lichen: stable symbiosis of a fungus with green algae or cyanobacteria, forming a thallus; about 28,000 species, mostly ascomycetes, nutrient-from-air organisms used as air-pollution bioindicators.
Lichen amyloidosis
Lichen amyloidosis, also called lichen amyloidosus, is a rare chronic primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis with intensely itchy hyperkeratotic papules on the shins, keratin-derived amyloid in the papillary dermis, OSMR/IL-31RA links, and refractory treatment.
Lichen flora of Asia
The lichen flora of Asia is the combined set of lichenized fungi known from the Asian continent and its islands, with India alone holding about 14.8% of the world's species.
Lichen growth forms
Lichen growth forms are the broad shape categories into which lichens are grouped by their thallus: crustose, foliose, and fruticose, with many intermediate forms recognized.
Lichen planopilaris
Lichen planopilaris (LPP, follicular lichen planus) is a rare variant of lichen planus attacking hair follicles, causing scarring scalp alopecia in adults 40-60, mostly women; treated with corticosteroids.
Lichen planus
Lichen planus: chronic T-cell-mediated inflammatory disease of skin, oral and genital mucosa, scalp, and nails; Wickham striae, 1.14% oral malignant transformation rate, topical steroids first-line.
Lichen planus of the nails
Nail lichen planus (NLP) is a chronic inflammatory nail disorder affecting about 10% of lichen planus patients, causing ridging, thinning, pterygium, and possible permanent nail loss; treated mainly with intralesional corticosteroids.
Lichen planus pemphigoides
Lichen planus pemphigoides (lichen ruber pemphigoides) is a rare autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease combining lichen planus lesions with tense blisters and autoantibodies against type XVII collagen (BP180), distinguished from bullous lichen planus by positive immunofluorescence.
Lichen planus pigmentosus
Lichen planus pigmentosus (LP pigmentosa) is a rare variant of lichen planus causing grey-brown macular hyperpigmentation on sun-exposed or flexural skin, common in Indian and Middle Eastern populations, chronic and often treatment-resistant.
Lichen product
Lichen products are distinctive extracellular secondary metabolites made mainly by the lichen's fungal partner (usnic acid, depsides, depsidones), plus harvested substances like orchil, litmus, oakmoss perfume extracts, and Iceland moss herbal medicine; roughly 800–1,050 compounds are known.
Lichen sclerosus
Lichen sclerosus, formerly kraurosis vulvae or balanitis xerotica obliterans, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the anogenital area, most common in postmenopausal women, treated first-line with ultrapotent topical corticosteroids and carrying a squamous cell carcinoma risk.
Lichen sclerosus of vulva
Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS), also called lichen sclerosus et atrophicus or kraurosis vulvae, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the vulva and perianal skin causing itchy white patches, scarring, and a 4–6.7% vulvar cancer risk; treated with potent topical corticosteroids such as clobetasol propionate 0.05%.
Lichen scrofulosorum
Lichen scrofulosorum, also called tuberculosis cutis lichenoides, is an uncommon tuberculid in which tiny asymptomatic follicular papules appear on the trunk of children with tuberculosis elsewhere.
Lichen simplex
Lichen simplex (lichen simplex chronicus, neurodermatitis) is a chronic itchy skin disorder with lichenified plaques caused by an itch-scratch cycle; treated mainly with potent topical corticosteroids and behavioral measures.
Lichen-forming ascomycetes
Lichen-forming ascomycetes are fungi in the phylum Ascomycota that form lichens through symbiosis with algae or cyanobacteria, comprising about 19,387 species and arising independently many times across the fungal tree.
Lichenicolous fungi of Cladonia
Lichenicolous fungi of Cladonia are non-lichenized fungi living on Cladonia lichens as parasites, commensals, or saprotrophs; a worldwide revision keys 138 species and documents 70 in detail.
Lichenicolous fungi of Iceland
Lichenicolous fungi of Iceland: fungi living on lichens. 144 species known per the 2025 Sveppatal III checklist (838 lichen-forming, 999 taxa total); flora resembles Scotland, Faroes, Greenland, Svalbard.
Lichenicolous fungus
Lichenicolous fungi are specialized fungi living obligately on lichens as parasites, commensals, or saprobes; the 2025 checklist recognizes 2,795 taxa in 454 genera across 15 fungal classes, distinct from lichen-forming mycobionts.
Lichenoid dermatoses
Lichenoid dermatoses (ICD-11 EA92), also called lichenoid eruptions or lichenoid disorders, are inflammatory skin conditions with a band-like lymphocytic infiltrate damaging the epidermal-dermal interface; lichen planus is the prototype, with drug, contact, and autoimmune causes.
Lichenoid drug eruption
Lichenoid drug eruption (LDE), also called drug-induced lichen planus, is an uncommon adverse drug reaction mimicking lichen planus, caused mainly by checkpoint inhibitors, TKIs, calcium channel blockers, and statins, with long latency and slow resolution.
Lichenoid mucositis
Lichenoid mucositis (ICD-11 EA91.43) is cell-mediated oral mucosal inflammation with band-like lymphocytic interface infiltrate, mimicking oral lichen planus; caused by drugs, dental amalgam, flavoring agents, and graft-versus-host disease, with dysplastic lesions showing up to 6.31% malignant transformation.
Lichenology
Lichenology is the branch of botany and mycology that studies lichens, symbioses between a fungus and algae or cyanobacteria, including their ecology and use in monitoring air pollution.
Lichenometry
Lichenometry, introduced by Beschel in 1950, dates rock surfaces from the size of slow-growing crustose lichens, mainly Rhizocarpon, using calibrated growth curves; used for moraines, archaeology, and hazards, but criticized for reliability.
Lichenomphalia
Lichenomphalia (Botrydina, Phytoconis) is a lichenized agaric genus in Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales; small omphalinoid mushrooms arise from a green Coccomyxa algal thallus, making it one of the rare basidiolichens.
Lichenopeltella
Lichenopeltella Höhn. 1919 is a genus of Microthyriaceae fungi (Dothideomycetes) mostly parasitic on lichens, type species L. maculans, with hyaline two-celled spores and a Pliocene fossil record.
Lichenostigma
Lichenostigma (Hafellner 1983) is a genus of about 35 lichenicolous fungi in Lichenostigmatales, Arthoniomycetes, type L. maureri, with black stromatic ascomata and two subgenera, not related to Lichenothelia.
Lichenostigmatales
Lichenostigmatales is an order of Arthoniomycetes fungi, sister to Arthoniales, with one family Phaeococcomycetaceae and genera Lichenostigma, Phaeococcomyces, Etayoa, and Antarctolichenia; budding black yeasts, lichenicolous and rock-inhabiting species.