All articles starting with L
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Lingo (American game show)
Lingo is an American game show combining five-letter word guessing with bingo-style card play, running in four US versions: syndication 1987-88 (Michael Reagan), GSN 2002-07 (Chuck Woolery), GSN 2011 (Bill Engvall), and CBS 2023-24 (RuPaul).
Lingokids
Lingokids is a Madrid-based children's education technology company, founded by CEO Cristobal Viedma, whose ad-free freemium app for ages two to eight launched in 2015.
Lingqu (灵渠)
Lingqu (灵渠), also called the Ling Canal or Magic Canal, is an ancient canal in Xing'an County, Guangxi, China, completed in 214 BC under Emperor Qinshihuang.
Lingshu Intelligence
Lingshu Intelligence (羚数智能, LingShu Digital Intelligence Technology) is a Shanghai-based Chinese industrial AI company founded in 2021, known for its Baigong industrial AI agent for manufacturers.
Lingshui 17-2 Gas Field
Lingshui 17-2 Gas Field (陵水17-2气田) is a deepwater natural gas field in the Qiongdongnan Basin of the South China Sea, discovered by CNOOC in 2014 and on stream since 2021.
Lingsi Technology (聆思科技)
Lingsi Technology (聆思科技), legally Anhui Lingsi Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., is a Chinese fabless chip designer of edge AI inference SoCs, founded in 2020 in Hefei, Anhui.
Lingtai power station
Lingtai power station (灵台电厂) is a 2,000 MW coal-fired power station in Lingtai County, Gansu, China, owned by Shandong Energy Group and in commercial operation since 2025.
Lingtan
Lingtan (灵坦) was a Chinese Chan monk of the mid-Tang dynasty, a third-generation heir of Huineng through Heze Shenhui who died in Yangzhou in 816.
Lingua franca
Lingua franca: a bridge language used between groups with different native languages. Also the Mediterranean Lingua Franca (Sabir), a Romance-based pidgin of traders, 11th-20th century; today English holds the role globally.
Lingual papillae
Lingual papillae (papillae linguales) are mucosal projections on the tongue's dorsal surface, of four types: filiform, fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate; only filiform lack taste buds, and fungiform are ectoderm-derived while circumvallate and foliate are endoderm-derived.
Linguistic anthropology
Linguistic anthropology is the anthropological study of language as a social, cultural, cognitive tool, founded by Franz Boas and developed through Sapir, Whorf, and Hymes; it uses ethnographic methods and assumes language is a non-neutral medium.
Linguistic Atlas of Chinese Dialects (汉语方言地图集)
Linguistic Atlas of Chinese Dialects (汉语方言地图集), 2008 Commercial Press atlas edited by Cao Zhiyun: 510 feature maps (phonology 205, lexicon 203, grammar 102) from a unified field survey of 930 points across China, distinct from the 1987 Language Atlas of China.
Linguistic competence
Linguistic competence: Noam Chomsky's term, also called competence, for a speaker's tacit knowledge of their language's rules, contrasted with performance (actual use), rooted in Saussure's langue/parole and extended by Hymes's communicative competence.
Linguistic Data Consortium
The Linguistic Data Consortium is a non-profit consortium at the University of Pennsylvania, founded in 1992, that creates and archives speech and text corpora for language technology research.
Linguistic determinism
Linguistic determinism, the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, claims language fully determines thought. Associated with Sapir and Whorf, coined by Hoijer in 1954; rejected by modern cognitive science, with weak relativity effects still studied.
Linguistic discrimination
Linguistic discrimination, also known as linguicism or glottophobia, is unfair treatment based on a person's language, accent, or dialect, documented in schools, employment, courts, and health care.
Linguistic imperialism
Linguistic imperialism: dominance of one language over others via structural, ideological, and institutional mechanisms; concept proposed by Robert Phillipson (1992), applied chiefly to English's global spread.
Linguistic realism in fictional languages
Linguistic realism in fictional languages is the degree to which an invented language behaves like a natural human language in its sounds, grammar, and social use.
Linguistic relativity
Linguistic relativity, or the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, holds that the language one speaks influences thought. Traced from Humboldt through Boas, Sapir, and Whorf; modern research tests weak, domain-specific effects in color, space, and time.
Linguistic turn
The linguistic turn: twentieth-century philosophical reorientation treating philosophical problems as problems of language; coined by Gustav Bergmann (1960), popularized by Richard Rorty's 1967 anthology, spanning ideal and ordinary language philosophy.
Linguistic typology
Linguistic typology, or language typology, classifies the world's languages by structural properties rather than descent, from Greenberg's 1963 word-order universals to WALS, sampling methods, and corpus-based typology.
Linguistic universal
Linguistic universals are generalizations hypothesized to hold for all human languages, mostly implicational or statistical rather than absolute, studied by typology since Greenberg 1963 and tested with databases such as WALS and Grambank.
Linguistic variable
A linguistic variable is a variable whose values are words or sentences rather than numbers, introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in 1973 and central to fuzzy logic.
Linguistics
Linguistics (语言学) is the scientific study of human language, spanning phonetics, syntax, semantics, and sociolinguistics. It progressed from traditional philology through 19th-century historical-comparative linguistics to Saussurean structuralism, generative grammar, and cognitive and functional schools.
Lingulella
Lingulella, extinct Cambrian-Ordovician obolid brachiopod genus (type species L. davisii, Upper Cambrian Wales), organophosphatic tongue-shaped shells, known from Burgess Shale and Chengjiang, formerly a wastebasket genus.
Lingwai Daida
Lingwai Daida (岭外代答) is a 12th-century Chinese geographical treatise by the Song official Zhou Qufei, completed in 1178, recording the geography, peoples, products, and overseas trade of Lingnan and dozens of foreign countries.
Lingxin Qiaoshou (灵心巧手)
Lingxin Qiaoshou (灵心巧手) is a Beijing robotics company founded in 2023 by Zhou Yong. It specializes in dexterous robotic hands and reached a valuation above RMB 10 billion.
Lingxun
Lingxun, or Furong Lingxun, is a Chan figure recorded in transmission literature as a disciple of Guizong Zhichang, though the Jingde chuandeng lu heir lists and the DILA database do not name him.
Lingyi system (mausoleum-town institutions)
The lingyi system (陵邑制度) was the Qin and Han practice of building administrative towns beside imperial tombs, settled by relocated households, abolished under Emperor Yuan of Han.
Lingyou
Lingyou (灵祐), also read Weishan Lingyou and known in Japanese as Isan Reiyū, was a Tang dynasty Chan master who taught on Mount Gui and cofounded the Guiyang house.