All articles starting with L
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List of unsolved problems in mathematics
The list of unsolved problems in mathematics covers famous open problems such as the Riemann hypothesis, P versus NP, and the Millennium Prize Problems, each worth $1 million.
List of unsolved problems in physics
The open questions that accepted physics theories cannot fully answer, from the nature of dark energy and dark matter to quantum gravity, high-temperature superconductivity, and turbulence.
List of unusual animal deaths
List of unusual animal deaths: documented mass mortality events (MMEs) and NOAA Unusual Mortality Events, including saiga, Botswana elephants, Alaska whales, Arkansas blackbirds, UK crab die-off, sawfish, and farmed salmon, with scales, causes, and unresolved cases.
List of unusual deaths in antiquity
Unusual deaths in antiquity: rare or striking deaths of ancient figures such as Draco, Duke Jing of Jin, Cleopatra, Valerian, and Valentinian I, as recorded, embellished, or invented by ancient historians.
List of unusual deaths in the 19th century
Nineteenth-century unusual deaths: the Princess Alice disaster (1878), Shipton rail crash (1874), poisoning cases like Zwanziger and Castaing, odd hospital causes of death, and the premature-burial panic.
List of unusual deaths in the early modern period
Unusual early modern deaths: Henry II's jousting death (1559), Medici arsenic (1587), Amy Dudley's fatal fall, Tudor accidental deaths, Half-Hangit Maggie's 1724 survival of hanging, and period poison trials.
List of unusual deaths in the Middle Ages
Unusual deaths in the Middle Ages: documented cases from coroners' rolls, forensic archaeology (Budeč, Visby, Stirling), revenant burials, and contested deaths such as Harold's arrow and the princes in the Tower.
List of unusual deaths in the Renaissance
List of unusual deaths in the Renaissance: Tycho Brahe, Henry II of France, Medici deaths, Giovanni dalle Bande Nere, Wallenstein, Lorenzino de' Medici; forensic and paleopathological revisions of legendary causes of death.
List of unusual units of measurement
Unusual units of measurement are units outside coherent systems, from physics jargon like the barn and shake to jokes like the smoot, invented at MIT in 1958.
List of UPnP AV media servers and clients
A list of UPnP AV media servers and clients: software that shares audio, video, and images across a home network, including Gerbera, Universal Media Server, Kodi, and VLC.
List of urban legends
List of urban legends, also called contemporary legends: an indexed catalog of modern folklore tales such as Bloody Mary, The Hook, the Vanishing Hitchhiker, Kuchisake-onna, and Slender Man, told as true friend-of-a-friend stories.
List of urban local bodies in Maharashtra
Urban local bodies of Maharashtra: 422 statutory bodies (29 municipal corporations, 244 municipalities, 149 nagar panchayats) with 7,256 wards, governed by the 1949 and 1965 Maharashtra municipal acts.
List of urban local bodies in Odisha
Urban local bodies of Odisha: municipal corporations, municipalities, and Notified Area Councils under the Orissa Municipal Act 1950; 115 ULBs at Census 2011, 143 per the Local Government Directory after 2024-2025 expansions.
List of US Open men's singles champions
US Open men's singles champions, 1881 to present; Open era began 1968 with Arthur Ashe. Connors, Sampras, Federer hold five Open-era titles; Alcaraz won 2025, Zverev 2026.
List of US Open women's singles champions
The list of US Open women's singles champions covers the annual title played in New York since 1887; Molla Mallory holds the all-time record with 8 titles.
List of valid argument forms
List of valid argument forms: catalog of propositional rules of inference (modus ponens, modus tollens, disjunctive and hypothetical syllogism) and the 15 valid categorical syllogisms out of 256, with tautology and counterexample tests.
List of valkyrie names
List of valkyrie names: named valkyries (valkyrjur, choosers of the slain) of Norse mythology, attested in Völuspá, Grímnismál, Darraðarljóð, Hákonarmál, and Nafnaþulur, with Old Norse meanings such as Hildr (battle) and Göndul (wand-wielder).
List of Valve games
List of Valve games: titles developed or published by Valve Corporation, from Half-Life (1998) through Counter-Strike 2, Dota 2, Portal 2, Left 4 Dead, Half-Life: Alyx, and the invite-only MOBA Deadlock.
List of valves
The list of valves covers types of devices that stop, start, or regulate fluid flow in piping systems, grouped by function: isolation, throttling, check, relief, and special-purpose.
List of Vampire Knight characters
Characters of Vampire Knight (ヴァンパイア騎士), Matsuri Hino's shojo manga: heroine Yuki Cross/Kuran, hunter Zero Kiryu, pureblood Kaname Kuran, Night Class vampires, supporting cast, and Memories sequel characters.
List of vampire television series
List of vampire television series: overview of TV shows featuring vampires, from Dark Shadows (1966–71) and Buffy the Vampire Slayer to True Blood, The Vampire Diaries, and AMC's Interview with the Vampire, with dates, formats, and franchise history.
List of Vancouver SkyTrain stations
The list of Vancouver SkyTrain stations covers the three-line automated rapid transit network operated by TransLink, which opened in 1985 and runs from downtown Vancouver to Surrey, Coquitlam, and Richmond.
List of Vanessa Hudgens performances
List of Vanessa Hudgens performances: filmography of the American actress and singer (born 1988, Salinas, California), known as Gabriella Montez in High School Musical, with roles in Thirteen, Spring Breakers, Bad Boys for Life, Gigi on Broadway, and Grease Live!.
List of vaping bans in the United States
U.S. vaping bans: state, local, and federal restrictions on e-cigarettes, including indoor-use bans in 20 states plus DC and Puerto Rico, Tobacco 21, flavor bans, licensing, taxes, and preemption.
List of variations on Pachelbel's Canon
Variations on Pachelbel's Canon: arrangements, adaptations, and recompositions of the Canon in D major (P. 37, T. 337) for three violins and continuo, from Arthur Fiedler's 1940 first recording through Rochberg, George Winston, brass, koto, and rock versions.
List of vegetable oils
List of vegetable oils: edible plant oils (palm, soybean, canola, sunflower, olive, coconut, and others) from seeds, nuts, and fruits; global production near 228–234.5 million metric tons, classified by fatty acid profile, with refining, cold-pressed, and health-evidence distinctions.
List of VeggieTales characters
VeggieTales characters: the anthropomorphic vegetable cast of the 1993 Christian children's series, led by hosts Bob the Tomato and Larry the Cucumber, with Junior Asparagus, Laura Carrot, LarryBoy, Mr. Lunt, and the French Peas, mostly voiced by creators Phil Vischer and Mike Nawrocki.
List of VeggieTales videos
List of VeggieTales videos: Big Idea's 47 direct-to-video VeggieTales episodes (1993-2015), plus two theatrical films, the LarryBoy spin-off, compilation releases, sales figures, and streaming availability.
List of vehicle-ramming attacks
Vehicle-ramming attacks deliberately use motor vehicles against crowds or targets. Key incidents include Nice 2016 (86 dead), Berlin 2016, New Orleans 2025, and Zhuhai 2024; studies track rising frequency, clustered occurrence, and varied motives.
List of vehicles of the United States Marine Corps
The list of vehicles of the United States Marine Corps covers the Corps' ground fleet, including the amphibious ACV, the JLTV replacing the Humvee, and the MTVR and LAV.