All articles starting with L
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Loso
Loso (โลโซ), often styled LOSO, is a Thai rock band formed in 1996 by Sek Loso, selling a reported 8,500,000 albums in its first six years.
Losodica
Losodica is a Roman station named on the Tabula Peutingeriana in Raetia on the Danube road, identified with Munningen south of Oettingen, Bavaria; seven miles from Septemiaci, eleven from Medianis, Barrington Atlas 12 D4.
Loss and Damage Fund
The Loss and Damage Fund (FRLD) is a UN climate fund providing financial support to developing countries vulnerable to climate change, agreed at COP27 in 2022.
Loss aversion
Loss aversion is the tendency, formalized in prospect theory by Kahneman and Tversky in 1979, for losses to weigh more heavily than equal-sized gains in decisions.
Loss cone
A loss cone is the region of orbital phase space around a massive black hole holding stars whose orbits fall within its capture or tidal-disruption radius, setting tidal disruption event rates.
Loss function
A loss function, also called a criterion function, assigns a numerical penalty to the gap between a prediction, estimate, or decision and the truth, in statistics and machine learning.
Loss functions for classification
Loss functions for classification are the penalties a learning algorithm minimizes when fitting a classifier, with surrogates like log loss, hinge loss, and cross-entropy used in practice.
Loss given default
Loss given default (LGD) is the share of an exposure a lender loses when a borrower defaults, after recoveries, workout costs, and discounting, expressed as a percentage.
Loss landscape analysis in deep learning
Loss landscape analysis studies the geometry of the high-dimensional, nonconvex loss surface that neural network training minimizes, including minima, saddle points, and low-loss paths between solutions.
Loss leader
A loss leader, also called loss-leading, is a product a retailer sells at or below cost to lure customers, who then buy other items at normal markups.
Loss of consortium
Loss of consortium is a tort claim, usually by a spouse, for the loss of intangible relationship benefits such as companionship, affection, and society after a tortfeasor injures or kills the claimant's partner; governed state by state, historically husband-only, extended to wives after Hitaffer (1950).
Loss of control in-flight
Loss of control in-flight (LOC-I) is a standard aviation accident category covering stalls, upsets, and spins where control is lost without a primary system failure.
Loss of Function Mutation
Loss of function mutation (LoF): a mutation decreasing or eliminating a gene product's activity; also called null, amorphic, or leaky mutation. Includes nonsense, frameshift, and splice variants; measured at scale by gnomAD constraint metrics.
Loss of Heterozygosity
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH), also called copy-neutral LOH when copy number is preserved, is the conversion of a heterozygous DNA region to homozygosity during mitosis; it inactivates tumor suppressor genes in cancer and shapes evolution in asexual organisms.
Loss of heterozygosity analysis
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis is a genomics method detecting chromosomal regions where one allele is lost in tumors, used to locate inactivated tumor suppressor genes.
Loss of Kandahar to Shah Abbas II
The Loss of Kandahar to Shah Abbas II was the capture of Kandahar by Shah Abbas II's Safavid army in February 1649, taking the city from Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.
Loss of papal temporal power
The loss of papal temporal power was the dissolution of the Papal States, accomplished by Italy's capture of Rome in 1870 and settled by the 1929 Lateran Pacts.
Loss of the Red Sea littoral
The loss of the Red Sea littoral (ውዲቅ ዘባሕር ቀይሕ) was the Christian kingdom of Aksum's loss of its Red Sea coastline and ports in the seventh and eighth centuries.
Loss of the western lands to the Quanrong
The loss of the western lands to the Quanrong was the 771 BC sack of the Zhou capital Haojing, after which King Ping moved the court east to Luoyi.
Loss of Ur by Isin
The Loss of Ur by Isin was the capture of Ur by Gungunum of Larsa in 1926 BCE, ending roughly a century of Isin's control and shifting power toward Larsa.
Loss on drying
Loss on drying (LOD) is a pharmacopeial and food-analysis test measuring the percent of mass lost when a sample is dried, counting water, solvents, and other volatiles.
Loss on ignition
Loss on ignition (LOI) is a gravimetric method that heats a dried sample and reports the percentage of mass lost, indicating volatile content such as water and organic matter.
Loss-of-coolant accident
A loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) is a hypothetical nuclear reactor accident where coolant is lost faster than the makeup system can replace it, the design basis accident for US light-water reactor emergency cooling systems.
Lossless compression
Lossless compression, also called reversible compression or lossless encoding, is a completely reversible data reduction process used where exact data matters, such as text, executables, and scientific measurements.
Lossy compression
Lossy compression, also known as irreversible compression, shrinks digital files by permanently discarding information so the decompressed data approximates the original, mainly in images, video, and audio.
Lost (2004 TV series)
Lost is an American television drama series that aired on ABC from 2004 to 2010, following the survivors of a commercial plane crash stranded on a mysterious Pacific island.
Lost Acapulco
Lost Acapulco is a Mexican surf-rock band formed in 1996 and based in Mexico City, called pioneers of the Mexico City surf-rock scene and known for its members' luchador masks.
Lost Americana
Lost Americana (stylized lowercase) is mgk's (Machine Gun Kelly, Colson Baker) seventh studio album, released August 8, 2025 on Interscope; a sober, self-produced genre-blending confessional that debuted at No. 4 on the Billboard 200.
Lost Americana Tour
Lost Americana Tour: mgk's (Machine Gun Kelly) 2025–2026 world tour supporting his seventh album lost americana; four Live Nation legs across North America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand with Wiz Khalifa and Julia Wolf, ending July 1, 2026 in Ridgefield, Washington.
Lost and destroyed Jewish cemeteries of Eastern Europe
The lost and destroyed Jewish cemeteries of Eastern Europe are burial grounds in Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania cleared, built over, or left to disappear during and after World War II.