All articles starting with L

Landau damping

Landau damping is the exponential damping of a plasma wave in a collisionless plasma, predicted by Lev Landau in 1946 through energy transfer to resonant particles.

Oct 22, 2026

Landau level spectroscopy

Landau level spectroscopy is a family of experimental techniques that probes electrons in quantizing magnetic fields, often optically, to reveal a solid's electronic band structure.

Landau pole

The Landau pole, also called the Landau ghost, is the energy scale at which a quantum field theory's coupling constant diverges in perturbation theory, as in QED.

Landau theory

Landau theory is a phenomenological framework for phase transitions, introduced by Lev Landau, in which the free energy is expanded as a power series in an order parameter.

Landau-Kleffner syndrome (acquired epileptic aphasia, LKS): rare childhood epileptic encephalopathy with acquired auditory verbal agnosia, sleep-activated spike-wave EEG, seizures in about 70-75%, first described 1957.

Landau–Lifshitz equation

The Landau–Lifshitz equation is a differential equation describing the time evolution of magnetization in ferromagnets via precession and damping, proposed in 1935 and central to micromagnetism.

Landau–Zener formula

The Landau–Zener formula, or Landau–Zener tunneling, gives the probability of a nonadiabatic transition when a quantum two-level system is swept through an avoided crossing of its energy levels.

Landau–Zener transition

The Landau–Zener transition is the nonadiabatic transition between two quantum energy levels at an avoided crossing, solved in 1932 by Landau, Zener, Stückelberg, and Majorana.

Landau's problems

Landau's problems, or Landau's conjectures, are four unsolved statements about prime numbers, named by Edmund Landau at the 1912 International Congress of Mathematicians in Cambridge as unattackable.

Landauer principle

The Landauer principle, formulated by Rolf Landauer at IBM in 1961, states that erasing one bit of information dissipates at least kT ln 2 of heat.

Landauer–Büttiker formalism

The Landauer–Büttiker formalism, also known as Landauer's formula, is a scattering-theory method of quantum transport that expresses conductance through electron transmission probabilities, extended by Büttiker to multi-terminal conductors.

LandBridge (company)

LandBridge Company LLC is a Houston-based land and resource management company owning surface acreage in the Delaware Basin of the Permian Basin in West Texas.

Landed gentry

Landed gentry: untitled British and Irish landowning families, the lesser nobility below the peerage, graded as knights, esquires, and gentlemen, who held roughly half the land in some counties and dominated local government until their decline after the 1870s.

Landen Roupp

Landen Roupp (Landen Brice Roupp), born 1998, is a San Francisco Giants right-handed starting pitcher drafted 12th round in 2021 from UNC Wilmington, known for a high-spin curveball and a 3.87 career MLB ERA.

Lander (spacecraft)

A lander is a spacecraft designed to reach the surface of a planet or other body and survive long enough to transmit data back to Earth, unlike orbiters and rovers.

Lander University

Lander University (formerly Williamston Female College, Lander College) is a public university in Greenwood, South Carolina, founded in 1872 by Samuel Lander; state-assisted since 1973, SACSCOC-accredited, NCAA Division II Peach Belt Bearcats, with record enrollment and an 11-year tuition freeze.

Lander, Miranda

Lander (Municipio Autónomo Tomás Lander) is a municipality in Miranda state, Venezuela, capital Ocumare del Tuy; 478 km², 144,947 residents (2011 census), parishes La Democracia, Ocumare del Tuy, and Santa Bárbara, in the Valles del Tuy south of Caracas.

Landers Superstore

Landers Superstore is a Philippine membership-only warehouse club combining a supermarket and department store, opened in Quezon City in 2016 with 16 stores by 2025.

Landes (district)

Landes (department 40, Les Landes) is a Nouvelle-Aquitaine department in southwest France, prefecture Mont-de-Marsan, sub-prefecture Dax; second largest metropolitan department, pine-forested, first producer of maize and foie gras, first thermal department.

Landes du Mené

The Landes du Mené are a belt of high ground and former heathland in central Brittany's Côtes-d'Armor department, crowned by Mont Bel-Air at 339 m.

Landes pine tar

Landes pine tar, a maritime pine wood tar from the Landes region of France, was applied for as an EU basic substance (plant protectant and repellent) by Progarein France in 2015 and rejected by Regulation (EU) 2018/1294 in 2018 over composition and risk concerns.

Oct 10, 2026

Landesbank Baden-Württemberg

Landesbank Baden-Württemberg (LBBW) is a German commercial bank under public law, owned by Baden-Württemberg, its savings banks association, and Stuttgart, with total assets of EUR 347 billion.

Landeshoheit

Landeshoheit (territorial superiority) was the non-sovereign territorial autonomy of the Holy Roman Empire's Imperial Estates, confirmed by the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, distinct from full sovereignty.

Landesliga oberosterreich

Landesliga Oberösterreich: the two regional divisions (Ost and West) of Upper Austrian state football below the OÖ-Liga; 16 clubs each in 2026/27; champions promoted, last teams relegated to the Bezirksliga.

Landeyran Formation

Landeyran Formation: Lower Ordovician (Floian) mudstone unit, 200-400 m thick, Montagne Noire, southern France; hosts the Cabrières Biota Lagerstätte and trilobite zones Apatokephalus incisus and Hangchungolithus primitivus.

Landfall (company)

Landfall (Landfall Games AB), independent Stockholm game studio founded 2015 by Wilhelm Nylund, Philip Westre, and Petter Henriksson; maker of TABS, Clustertruck, Content Warning, HASTE, and PEAK with Aggro Crab; publishing arm Evil Landfall.

Landfill

A landfill, also called a waste dump or sanitary landfill, is an engineered site where solid waste is deposited, compacted, and covered to isolate it from the surrounding environment.

Landfill gas

Landfill gas is the mixture of methane and carbon dioxide produced by decomposing waste in landfills, a potent greenhouse gas that can be collected and burned for energy.

Landfill gas collection

Landfill gas collection is the extraction of methane-rich gas from decomposing landfill waste through wells and piping, so it can be flared or used as fuel.