All articles starting with L

Langlands program

The Langlands program, also known as the Langlands conjectures, is a collection of conjectures proposed by Robert Langlands in 1967 linking Galois representations and automorphic forms.

Sep 29, 2026

The Langlands–Shahidi method is a technique in automorphic forms that proves analytic continuation and functional equations for automorphic L-functions by studying constant terms of Eisenstein series.

Langley (unit)

The langley (Ly) is a non-SI unit of radiant energy per area, one gram-calorie per square centimeter, named in 1947 for Samuel Pierpont Langley and formerly standard for solar radiation.

Langley Air Force Base

Langley Air Force Base is a US Air Force base in Hampton, Virginia, established in 1916 and home of Air Combat Command and the 1st Fighter Wing's F-22s.

Langley Research Center

Langley Research Center, founded in 1917 as Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory, is NASA's oldest field center in Hampton, Virginia, known for wind tunnels and atmospheric research.

Langley United

Langley United, also known as Langley United Soccer Association, is a community soccer club in Langley, British Columbia founded in 1926 that has won back-to-back BC Premier League titles.

Langley, British Columbia

Langley, British Columbia, comprises two adjacent Metro Vancouver municipalities: the City of Langley (incorporated 1955, population about 35,316) and the Township of Langley (incorporated 1873, third oldest in the province), home to Fort Langley.

Langmuir adsorption model

The Langmuir adsorption model, or Langmuir isotherm, describes how much of a solid surface is covered by an adsorbed gas at constant temperature, developed by Irving Langmuir in 1916.

Langmuir circulation

Langmuir circulation is a wind-driven pattern of counter-rotating vortices in lakes and the ocean, visible at the surface as parallel streaks of foam called windrows.

Langmuir monolayer technique

The Langmuir monolayer technique spreads one molecular layer of an insoluble amphiphilic substance on water and compresses it between barriers in a Langmuir trough, measuring surface pressure–area isotherms.

Langmuir probe

A Langmuir probe is a plasma diagnostic using a biased electrode whose current-voltage characteristic yields electron temperature, density, and plasma potential, first reported in 1924.

Langmuir wave

A Langmuir wave, also called an electron plasma wave, is a longitudinal electrostatic oscillation of plasma electrons, named after Irving Langmuir, who described the oscillations with Lewi Tonks in 1929.

Sep 29, 2026

Langmuir–Blodgett assembly

Langmuir–Blodgett assembly is a thin-film deposition method that transfers monolayers of amphiphilic molecules from an air–water interface onto a solid substrate, layer by layer, producing ordered films with molecular-level precision.

Langmuir–Blodgett film

A Langmuir–Blodgett film is an ultrathin film of molecular monolayers transferred from an air–water interface onto a solid substrate, a method developed by Irving Langmuir and Katharine Blodgett.

Langonnet

Langonnet (Breton: Langoned), INSEE code 56100, is a rural commune of 85.4 km² in Morbihan, Brittany, canton of Gourin; 1,930 inhabitants in 2023, home to the Cistercian abbey of Notre-Dame, later a national stud.

Lángos

Lángos (langoš, langalló) is a Hungarian deep-fried yeasted flatbread, originally baked near the oven flame, classically rubbed with garlic and topped with sour cream and grated cheese; a designated hungarikum street food.

Langostino

Langostino: Spanish for prawn; in US seafood trade, squat lobster tail meat (Pleuroncodes monodon, Cervimunida johni, Munida gregaria) under FDA market name Langostino Lobster; also Argentina's Pleoticus muelleri shrimp fishery.

Langrenus (lunar crater)

Langrenus, a 132-km complex impact crater at 8.9S 61.0E on the Moon's east limb at Mare Fecunditatis, named for cartographer Michiel van Langren, with terraced walls, twin central peaks, and Luna 16 ejecta links.

LangSmith

LangSmith is a proprietary observability and evaluation platform for applications built on large language models and agents, developed by LangChain as its first paid product and released in February 2024.

Langston Hughes

Langston Hughes (James Mercer Langston Hughes, 1901–1967) was an American poet, playwright, novelist, and columnist, a leading Harlem Renaissance figure known for jazz- and blues-inflected poems like "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," The Weary Blues, and "Harlem."

Langston Kerman

Langston Kerman, comedian, actor, and writer from Oak Park, Illinois, known as Jared on Insecure, co-creator and star of Bust Down, host of the podcast My Momma Told Me, and star of the 2024 Netflix special Bad Poetry directed by John Mulaney.

Langston University

Langston University, Oklahoma's only HBCU and a public 1890 land-grant institution founded in 1897 as the Colored Agricultural and Normal University, has campuses in Langston, Oklahoma City, and Tulsa, about 1,937 students, and the E. (Kika) de la Garza American Institute for Goat Research.

Langstroth hive

Langstroth hive: patented 1852 by Lorenzo L. Langstroth, the vertically stacked movable-frame beehive built around 5/16-inch bee space; the most common hive in U.S. beekeeping, yielding 50-100 lb honey yearly.

Langton

Langton, North Yorkshire: village in Ryedale near Malton, site of the Langton Roman Villa, a scheduled corridor villa excavated 1899, 1926, and 1930-31, occupied from the mid 2nd to the 5th century.

Langton's ant

Langton's ant is a two-dimensional cellular automaton invented by Christopher G. Langton in 1986, in which an ant following two simple rules builds an endless diagonal highway after about 10,000 chaotic steps.

Language

Language: human communication system built from a lexicon and grammar, studied through psycholinguistics, with acquisition debates between innateness (Chomsky) and usage-based learning, and generative AI now the fastest-rising research topic.

Language acquisition

Language acquisition: how humans come to know a first or second language. Covers behaviorism (Skinner), nativism (Chomsky), interactionism, usage-based and statistical learning accounts, critical-period evidence from ~670,000-quiz study, and bilingual input debates.

Language and gender

Language and gender: sociolinguistic field on how gender shapes speech, its evaluation, and gendered language forms, also called genderlect research, built on Lakoff's deficit, Tannen's difference, and dominance theories, with meta-analyses showing negligible average gender differences and growing work on gender-inclusive language and NLP bias.

Language change

Language change: how sounds, vocabulary, grammar, and meanings shift over time, studied by historical linguistics via the comparative method, drift-versus-selection models, and corpus methods.