All articles starting with M

Multicellular organism

Multicellular organism: an organism of many adherent, communicating, often specialized cells. Evolved independently at least 45 times in eukaryotes via clonal development or aggregation; studied through snowflake yeast experiments and fossils from ~3.5 billion years ago.

Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial

MADIT (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial), a 1996 University of Rochester randomized trial showing prophylactic ICDs cut mortality 54% in post-infarction patients; followed by MADIT II, MADIT-CRT, and MADIT-RIT.

Multicenter cohort study

A multicenter cohort study is an observational design recruiting and following a cohort at multiple centers under a common protocol, reaching larger samples to detect rare effects.

Oct 21, 2026

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH), also called lipoid dermatoarthritis, is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis causing destructive arthritis and papulonodular skin lesions, associated with malignancy in about a quarter of cases.

Multichannel analysis of surface waves

Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) is a seismic method, introduced by Park, Miller, and Xia in 1999, that estimates near-surface shear-wave velocity from Rayleigh-wave dispersion and is widely used in geotechnical engineering.

Multichannel analyzer

A multichannel analyzer (MCA) is an instrument that sorts voltage pulses into a histogram of counts versus pulse height, widely used in nuclear and gamma-ray spectroscopy.

Multiclass classification

Multiclass classification is the machine learning task of assigning each input instance to exactly one of three or more classes, extending binary classification; common strategies include one-vs-rest and one-vs-one.

Multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) is an analytical technique that ionizes samples in an argon plasma and measures isotope ratios with multiple detectors, used in geosciences, nuclear safeguards, and environmental science.

Multicollinearity

Multicollinearity is a condition in regression analysis in which two or more predictor variables are highly intercorrelated, inflating the variances of estimated coefficients and making them numerically unstable.

Multicolor flow cytometry

Multicolor flow cytometry measures many fluorescent markers simultaneously on individual cells passing through lasers at tens of thousands per second, identifying and counting subpopulations in mixed samples.

Multicomponent reaction

A multicomponent reaction (MCR) is a chemical synthesis combining three or more starting materials in one step, valued for efficiency and used widely in medicinal chemistry.

Oct 21, 2026

Multicomponent Reductase Electron Transfer

Multicomponent reductase electron transfer: how NAD(P)H-dependent reductase systems, including P450 class I, soluble methane monooxygenase, and xanthine oxidase, pass electrons through flavin, iron-sulfur, and cytochrome cofactors to catalytic metal centers.

Multiconfiguration self-consistent field

Multiconfiguration self-consistent field (MCSCF) is a quantum chemistry method in which a wave function combines several electronic configurations, with orbitals and coefficients optimized simultaneously; its dominant variant is CASSCF.

Oct 21, 2026

Multicopper oxidase

Multicopper oxidases (MCOs), including laccase, bilirubin oxidase, ascorbate oxidase, and ceruloplasmin, are copper enzymes with four Cu centers that oxidize substrates while reducing O2 to water.

Multicore fiber

Multicore fiber is an optical fiber in which multiple independent light-guiding cores sit within a single cladding, letting one fiber carry parallel data paths; it underpins space-division multiplexing and submarine-cable capacity records.

Multicoset sampling

Multicoset sampling, also called periodic nonuniform sampling, is a sub-Nyquist technique that retains only some Nyquist-grid samples, allowing reconstruction of sparse multiband signals like radio transmissions.

Multics

Multics, the Multiplexed Information and Computing Service, was a mainframe time-sharing operating system begun in 1964 by MIT, Bell Labs, and General Electric, and the origin from which Unix was created.

Multicultural London English

Multicultural London English (MLE), also called Jafaican in media, is a multiethnolect of inner-city London that emerged from the 1980s among multiethnic youth, replacing Cockney; features include TH-fronting, new diphthongs, Jamaican-derived vocabulary, and diffusion toward Multicultural British English.

Multiculturalism

Multiculturalism is the coexistence of multiple cultures in a society and the political-philosophical position that liberal states should accommodate cultural difference via group-differentiated rights rather than assimilation, with critiques and mixed empirical outcomes on immigrant integration.