All articles starting with M

Munyigumba

Munyigumba, also spelled Muyugumba, was a 19th-century Hehe chief who unified the chiefdoms of Uhehe in what is now southern-central Tanzania, laying the foundation of the Hehe kingdom.

Oct 21, 2026

Munyoro Nyamau

Munyoro Nyamau (Hezekiah Munyoro Nyamau, 1942–2025), Kenyan 400 m sprinter; won Olympic 4x400 m relay gold at Munich 1972 (2:59.83) and silver at Mexico City 1968, plus 1970 Commonwealth relay gold.

Sep 24, 2026

Muo sahwa

Muo sahwa (무오사화) was the first of the four great literati purges of Korea's Joseon dynasty, a 1498 persecution of the sarim faction under King Yeonsangun.

Muography

Muography is an imaging technique using naturally occurring cosmic-ray muons to probe the internal density of volcanoes, pyramids, and built structures, like X-ray radiography on much larger scales.

Muon (μ⁻)

The muon (μ⁻), historically called the mu meson, is an elementary particle similar to the electron but about 207 times heavier, discovered in 1936 in cosmic radiation.

Muon Collider

A muon collider is a proposed particle accelerator colliding muons and antimuons at multi-TeV energies, studied since the 1960s and led today by the International Muon Collider Collaboration at CERN.

Muon excess in air showers

The muon excess in air showers, or muon puzzle, is the observation that cosmic-ray air showers contain more muons than simulations predict above roughly 10 PeV.

Muon g−2

Muon g−2 is the muon's anomalous magnetic moment, a precision test of the Standard Model. Fermilab's 2025 measurement agrees with the lattice-based prediction, ending a former 5.2σ tension.

Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment

The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK demonstrated ionization cooling of muons for the first time, publishing in Nature in 2020.

Muon neutrino

The muon neutrino is one of the three known flavors of neutrino, identified by producing a muon in charged-current weak interactions. It was discovered in 1962 at Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Muon (MomentUm Orthogonalized by Newton-Schulz) is a neural network optimizer introduced by Keller Jordan in 2024 that orthogonalizes SGD-momentum updates, becoming a challenger to AdamW in models like Kimi-K2 and DeepSeek-V4.

Muon puzzle

The muon puzzle, also called the muon deficit, is a discrepancy in cosmic-ray physics in which air shower simulations predict fewer muons than experiments observe, growing with energy.

Muon radiography

Muon radiography is a passive imaging technique that uses naturally occurring cosmic-ray muons, far more penetrating than X-rays, to map the internal density of structures such as volcanoes and pyramids.

Muon spectrometer

A muon spectrometer is the outermost detector of a particle physics experiment, identifying muons and measuring their momenta from curved tracks in a magnetic field.

Muon spin spectroscopy

Muon spin spectroscopy (μSR) is an experimental technique that implants spin-polarized muons into a material and measures their precession to probe local magnetic fields and dynamics.

Muon tomography

Muon tomography, also called muography, is an imaging technique that uses naturally occurring cosmic-ray muons to see inside large opaque objects such as volcanoes, pyramids, mines, and nuclear reactors.

Muon-catalyzed fusion (μCF)

Muon-catalyzed fusion (μCF), or muon catalysis, is a fusion process in which muons shrink deuterium and tritium atoms so their nuclei fuse near room temperature, the muon catalyzing further fusions.

MUonE

MUonE is a proposed CERN particle physics experiment, first proposed in 2017, to measure elastic muon-electron scattering and determine the hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment.

Muonic atom

A muonic atom is a bound state in which a negatively charged muon orbits an atomic nucleus in place of an electron, orbiting about 200 times closer.

Muonic hydrogen

Muonic hydrogen (μH or μp) is an exotic atom in which a negatively charged muon orbits a proton instead of the electron, making it far smaller than ordinary hydrogen.

Muonium

Muonium (symbol Mu) is an exotic, hydrogen-like atom made of a positive muon and an electron, discovered in 1960 by Vernon W. Hughes and used for precision QED tests.

Oct 21, 2026

Mupadolimab

Mupadolimab (CPI-006, CPX-006), Corvus Pharmaceuticals' humanized IgG1κ anti-CD73 antibody, blocks CD73 enzymatic activity and uniquely activates CD73-positive B cells via BCR signaling; studied in phase 1 cancer trials and a discontinued phase 3 COVID-19 trial.

Muphry's law

Muphry's law, John Bangsund's 1992 editorial application of Murphy's Law: any criticism of editing or proofreading itself contains an error, with the misspelled name as the built-in joke.

Mupirocin

Mupirocin (pseudomonic acid A, Bactroban, Centany), a topical antibiotic from Pseudomonas fluorescens discovered in 1971, inhibits isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase; used for impetigo and MRSA nasal decolonization, with mupA/mupB-mediated resistance.

Muppet Babies (1984 TV series)

Muppet Babies (1984 TV series): CBS animated series, September 15, 1984 to 1991, 107 episodes, baby versions of Jim Henson's Muppets in imaginative nursery adventures; distinct from the 2018 CGI Disney Junior reboot.

Muppet Babies (2018 TV series)

Muppet Babies (2018 TV series), also called the Muppet Babies reboot, is a Disney Junior CG-animated preschool series (2018–2021, three seasons) starring toddler Kermit, Piggy, Fozzie, Gonzo, Animal, and new character Summer Penguin with Miss Nanny, distinct from the 1984 CBS original.