All articles starting with M
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Marangoni effect
The Marangoni effect, described by Carlo Marangoni in 1878, is the flow of liquid beneath a surface where surface tension varies along the interface, as in the tears of wine.
Maranhão
Maranhão, Brazilian state in the Northeast with capital São Luís; 329,651 km², 6.78 million people (2022 census), HDI 0.676, transition zone between Amazon and semi-arid Northeast, home to Lençóis Maranhenses dunes.
Marañón River
The Marañón River (Río Marañón) is a ~1,400 km Peruvian river whose confluence with the Ucayali forms the Amazon; it supplies about 10% of the Amazon's discharge, was long considered its source, and faces major dam proposals.
Marantaceae
Marantaceae R.Br., the prayer-plant or arrowroot family, is a pantropical Zingiberales family of rhizomatous herbs (about 530 species, 27-32 genera) with explosive style-movement pollination, including Maranta, Calathea, and Goeppertia ornamentals.
Marantz
Marantz is an audio equipment brand founded by Saul Marantz in New York in 1953, now owned by Harman, with premium products built at its Shirakawa Audio Works in Japan.
Marapi
Marapi (Gunung Marapi) is a 2,885-m complex stratovolcano in West Sumatra, Indonesia, the island's most active volcano, with over 50 VEI 1-2 eruptions since 1770, magma stored at 15-26 km depth, and a deadly 3 December 2023 eruption; distinct from Java's Merapi.
Marasà Sud
Marasà Sud is the extra-mural sanctuary of Aphrodite at Locri Epizephyrii, Calabria: a 7th-century BC U-shaped stoa and tripartite sacello near the port, distinct from the walled Marasà temple 250 m away.
Maraschino
Maraschino is a colourless Dalmatian cherry liqueur made from marasca cherries and their pits, defined by EU law with minimum 250 g/L sugar, 24–32% ABV, central to the Aviation, Last Word, and Martinez cocktails.
Maraschino cherry
Maraschino cherry: a preserved sweet cherry bleached in sulfite brine, sugared, dyed red, and almond-flavored (US style), or the original Marasca cherry candied in syrup by Luxardo since 1905; FDA name defined by 1940 TC-194.
Marash lion
The Marash lion is a basalt gate lion from Kahramanmaraş, capital of the Neo-Hittite kingdom of Gurgum, inscribed for King Halparuntiyas III and found in 1883.
Marasi
Marasi (مراثی), the classical Persian term for elegy, covers poems mourning the deaths of individuals; religious elegy flourished after Shiʿism became Safavid Persia's state religion in the 16th century.
Marasmiaceae
Marasmiaceae (Roze ex Kühner) is a family of saprotrophic agaric fungi in Agaricales, Basidiomycota, with about 54 genera and 1,590 species; type genus Marasmius, including cacao pathogens Moniliophthora.
Marasmius
Marasmius, genus of small saprotrophic gilled mushrooms (Marasmiaceae, Agaricales) established by Fries in 1835, type M. rotula; over 700 litter-decomposing species worldwide, including edible M. oreades and crop pathogen M. palmivorus.
Marasmus
Marasmus, from Greek marainein (to waste away), is nonedematous severe acute malnutrition with severe wasting from energy deficiency; termed by Galen c. 176 AD, distinct from edematous kwashiorkor, diagnosed by visible wasting, WHZ below -3, or MUAC under 115 mm.
marasy
marasy (まらしぃ, also Marasy8) is a Japanese pianist and composer from Nagoya who has posted piano arrangements of anime, game, and Vocaloid songs online since 2008.
Marasy × Jin × Shota Horie (kemu)
Marasy × Jin × Shota Horie (kemu), also まらしぃ×じん×堀江晶太(kemu), is a Japanese Vocaloid collaboration of pianist Marasy, songwriter Jin, and producer-bassist kemu, known for the 2023 song Shinjinrui.
Marat Kambolov
Marat Arkadyevich Kambolov (Марат Аркадьевич Камболов, born 1965) is a former Russian federal official, ex-deputy education minister and Kurchatov Institute director, elected president of South Ossetia in September 2026 with 84.9% of the vote.
Marat Khusnullin
Marat Khusnullin is a Russian politician who has served as Deputy Prime Minister since 2020, overseeing construction, housing, and road building, and curating the Southern Federal District.
Marat Safin (Марат Мубинович Сафин)
Marat Safin (Марат Сафин), Russian tennis player, world No. 1 (2000), winner of the 2000 US Open and 2005 Australian Open, 15 ATP titles, Davis Cup champion 2002 and 2006, Hall of Famer, later a Russian parliament member.
Marat Yusupov
Marat Yusupov, born 1956, is a Russian-born French structural biologist at the IGBMC near Strasbourg who determined the first crystal structures of bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes.
Maratha (caste)
Maratha (caste): dominant caste cluster of Maharashtra formed from Kunbi, Lohar, Sutar, Bhandari, Thakar, and Dhangar families via Deccan military service from the 14th century; linked to Shivaji's empire and Maharashtra's reservation politics.
Maratha administration of Odisha
Maratha administration of Odisha (मराठा ओडिशा) was the government by which the Bhonsle dynasty of Nagpur ruled coastal Odisha from 1751 until the British conquest of 1803.
Maratha coinage
Maratha coinage (मराठा नाणी) is the money struck by the Maratha state from Shivaji's time, beginning with the gold hon and copper Shivrai issued at his 1674 coronation.
Maratha conquest of Malwa and Gujarat
The Maratha conquest of Malwa and Gujarat was the Maratha takeover of the Mughal provinces of Malwa and Gujarat under Peshwa Baji Rao I, sealed by the 1738 treaty of Doraha Sarai.
Maratha conquest of Thanjavur
The Maratha conquest of Thanjavur was the seizure of the Thanjavur kingdom in the Tamil country by Ekoji, a Bijapur general and half-brother of Shivaji, around 1676.
Maratha Empire
Maratha Empire: Deccan state founded by Shivaji in the 17th century, expanded by the Peshwas into a confederacy (Scindias, Holkars, Gaekwads, Bhonsles) using chauth and sardeshmukhi levies, peaking at a quarter of India before British defeat in 1818.
Maratha invasions of Bengal
The Maratha invasions of Bengal, known in Bengali as the Bargi raids, were a decade of Maratha cavalry raids under Raghoji Bhonsle into Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa between 1741 and 1751.
Maratha invasions of Malwa and Rajputana
The Maratha invasions of Malwa and Rajputana (मराठा आक्रमण) were campaigns in which Baji Rao I defeated Mughal forces, ending with the 1738 Treaty of Doraha.
Maratha land-revenue system
The Maratha land-revenue system (मराठा भू-राजस्व प्रणाली) was the regime by which the Maratha states of the Deccan assessed and collected agricultural revenue from 1674 to 1818.
Maratha Light Infantry
Maratha Light Infantry, Indian Army light infantry regiment; oldest battalion (Jangi Paltan) raised 1768 as Bombay Sepoys; 1922 amalgamation as 5th Mahratta LI; renamed on 1947 allocation to India; Regimental Centre at Belgaum since 1922; war cry honors Shivaji.