All articles starting with M
36,687 articles
Matroid
A matroid, also called a combinatorial pregeometry, is a combinatorial structure abstracting linear independence in vector spaces and cycle-freedom in graphs, introduced by Hassler Whitney in 1935.
Matroid intersection
Matroid intersection is the combinatorial optimization problem of finding a largest, or maximum-weight, set independent in two matroids on the same ground set, introduced by Jack Edmonds in 1970.
Matroid minor
A matroid minor is any matroid obtained from a matroid M by a sequence of deletions and contractions of elements, written M\D/C, paralleling graph minors and underlying the excluded-minor theory that characterizes minor-closed classes.
Matroid oracle
A matroid oracle is an abstract interface through which an algorithm accesses a matroid, most commonly an independence oracle that answers whether a given set is independent.
Matroid parity problem
The matroid parity problem, also called the matroid matching or matchoid problem, seeks a maximum-size independent set in a matroid whose elements are grouped into pairs.
Matroid representation
A matroid representation represents an abstract matroid as a matrix over a field whose linearly independent columns are exactly the matroid's independent sets; a matroid is representable when such a matrix exists.
Matroids and algebraic geometry
Matroids and algebraic geometry is the area where Hodge theory applied to matroid Chow rings proved log-concavity of characteristic-polynomial coefficients, resolving the Heron–Rota–Welsh conjecture, with tropical geometry linking matroids to linear spaces.
Matronalia Rupes
Matronalia Rupes is a 209.5-km-long escarpment on asteroid 4 Vesta, the most prominent rim scarp of the Rheasilvia impact basin, rising about 22 km, exposing diogenite, and showing ongoing landslides.
Matronymic
Matronymic (also metronymic): a name derived from the given name of one's mother or a female ancestor, the counterpart of a patronymic. Coined in English in 1794; documented in Roman Hispania, Norse myth, and Jewish, Sardinian, and Ukrainian surnames.
Matroska
Matroska is an open multimedia container format, commonly known as MKV, that packages video, audio, and subtitles into a single file and was standardized by the IETF in 2024.
Matrox
Matrox is a Canadian technology company founded in Montreal in 1976 that pioneered multi-display PC graphics cards and now supplies professional video wall, streaming, and medical video equipment.
Matrox Imaging Library
The Matrox Imaging Library (MIL) is a machine vision software development kit released in 1993 by Matrox Imaging of Montreal, now sold by Zebra Technologies as Aurora Imaging Library.
Matrox Millennium
The Matrox Millennium is a PC graphics card introduced in 1995 by Matrox Electronic Systems of Montreal, one of the fastest 2D cards of its day for desktop publishing and CAD.
Matru Ki Bijlee Ka Mandola
Matru Ki Bijlee Ka Mandola is a 2013 Hindi comedy-drama by Vishal Bhardwaj, set in Haryana, starring Imran Khan, Anushka Sharma, and Pankaj Kapur; released 11 January 2013, a box office flop with mixed reviews.
Matrubhoomi (मातृभूमि)
Matrubhoomi (मातृभूमि), also released as Matrubhoomi: A Nation Without Women, is Manish Jha's 2003 France-India Hindi drama about a future Indian village with no women after female infanticide; Venice FIPRESCI and Thessaloniki Audience Award winner starring Tulip Joshi as Kalki.
Matruh Governorate
Matruh Governorate (محافظة مطروح), Egypt's northwestern border governorate with capital Marsa Matruh; second largest by area at 166,563 km², population 530,270 (2022), 500 km Mediterranean coast, Siwa Oasis, eight centers.
Matryona's House
Matryona's House («Матрёнин двор», Matryonin dvor) is a short story by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, written in 1959 and published in Novy Mir in 1963, a founding text of village prose.
Matryoshka doll
Matryoshka (матрёшка), also called Russian nesting doll: a turned wooden doll holding smaller dolls inside, invented in the early 1890s in the Mamontovs' Moscow 'Detkoye vospitanie' workshop by Malyutin and Zvyozdochkin and bronze-medaled at the 1900 Paris Exposition.
Matryoshka Park
Matryoshka Park (套娃广场), also called Taowa Square, is a matryoshka-doll-themed tourist complex in Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia, part of a 5A-level China-Russia border scenic area since 2016.
Matryoshka representation learning
Matryoshka representation learning (MRL) is a 2022 training method for embedding models in which every prefix of an embedding's dimensions is a usable representation, named for Russian nesting dolls.
MATS and LaSpec
MATS and LaSpec are complementary precision experiments under construction at FAIR in Darmstadt, Germany, part of NUSTAR, studying exotic short-lived nuclei via Penning-trap mass measurements and collinear laser spectroscopy.
Mats G. L. Gustafsson
Mats G. L. Gustafsson (1960–2011) was a Swedish-born physicist who pioneered structured illumination microscopy and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, working at UC San Francisco and Janelia.
Mats Hillert
Mats Hillert (1924–2022) was a Swedish metallurgist and professor of metallography at KTH in Stockholm who laid the foundation of computational thermodynamics and the Thermo-Calc software.
Mats Hummels
Mats Hummels (born 1988), German centre back for Borussia Dortmund, Bayern Munich, and AS Roma; 2014 World Cup winner, 78 Germany caps, five Bundesliga titles; retired summer 2025.
Mats Naslund
Mats Näslund, born 1959, is a retired Swedish ice hockey left winger who won the Stanley Cup with Montreal in 1986 and Olympic gold in 1994.
Mats Nilsson
Mats Nilsson is a Swedish molecular biologist who invented padlock probes for detecting DNA in cells, and is Professor of Biochemistry at Stockholm University and SciLifeLab.
Mats Ormö
Mats Ormö is a structural biologist who, as first author, reported the 1.9 Å crystal structure of green fluorescent protein in Science in 1996, in S. James Remington's lab at the University of Oregon.
Mats R. Andersson
Mats R. Andersson, also published as Mats Andersson, is a polymer chemist who designs conjugated polymers for organic solar cells and directs nanoscience at Flinders University in Adelaide.
Mats Rots
Mats Rots (born 2006, Groenlo) is a Dutch left-back for TSG Hoffenheim and Netherlands U21. FC Twente academy product, 2025/26 Eredivisie breakout, Johan Cruijff Talent of the Month, sold to Hoffenheim in 2026 for a reported €12 million.
Mats Sundin
Mats Sundin is a Swedish former ice hockey center who played 18 NHL seasons, mostly for the Toronto Maple Leafs, and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2012.