All articles starting with M
36,687 articles
Medical microbiology
Medical microbiology: clinical specialty and laboratory discipline diagnosing and managing human infections. Founded on Pasteur and Koch's germ theory; uses culture, microscopy, PCR, and CIDTs; central to antimicrobial resistance surveillance via WHO GLASS.
Medical Microinstruments, Inc.
Medical Microinstruments (MMI) is a surgical robotics company founded in 2015 near Pisa, Italy, and headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida, that makes the Symani Surgical System for open microsurgery.
Medical mycology
Medical mycology: study of fungal disease in humans and animals, also called mycopathology; includes actinomycete and allergic disease. Flagship journal Medical Mycology (ISHAM, OUP, IF 3.5), formerly Sabouraudia.
Medical oncology
Medical oncology: the cancer specialty using chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Established as an internal medicine subspecialty in 1973; distinct from radiation and surgical oncology.
Medical photography
Medical photography is the making of images of the body's surface, accessible cavities, or wounds for medical records, care, teaching, and research, distinct from diagnostic imaging.
Medical physics
Medical physics is a branch of applied physics that uses physics principles in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases, underpinning diagnostic imaging, radiotherapy, and nuclear medicine.
Medical Police
Medical Police is a 2020 Netflix action-comedy series, a spin-off of Childrens Hospital, created by Rob Corddry, David Wain, Krister Johnson, and Jonathan Stern. Doctors Owen Maestro and Lola Spratt join a secret CDC division to fight a global virus; canceled after one 10-episode season.
Medical prescription
Medical prescription: an authorized prescriber's order for a medicine specifying drug, dose, route, and quantity. Also called Rx or e-prescription when electronic. Distinguished from OTC drugs; error rates up to 11% in primary care; US EPCS mandates 70% electronic for Medicare Part D controlled substances.
Medical record
Medical record: the documented history and care of a patient, on paper or as an electronic health record (EHR). Spans ancient Egyptian papyri, Weed's 1968 problem-oriented record, and modern EHRs with measured effects on documentation time, medication errors, and patient portal access.
Medical record linkage
Medical record linkage is the method of connecting records belonging to the same person across separate medical databases and registries, underpinning cohort studies, disease registries, and pharmacoepidemiology.
Medical research
Medical research: systematic study of human health and disease spanning basic, translational (T0–T4), clinical, and implementation research; clinical trial Phases 0–IV, ~12–14% Phase 1-to-approval rates, NIH and industry funding, ethics oversight, and reproducibility issues.
Medical Research Council
Medical Research Council (MRC), British public funder of medical research, a council of UKRI since 2018, spending about £800 million a year; founded 1913, Royal Charter 1919, known for institutes, units, centres and CoREs.
Medical Research Institute
The Medical Research Institute, also known as MRI, is Sri Lanka's national reference laboratory and biomedical research center in Colombo, founded in 1900 as the Soysa Bacteriological Institute.
Medical school
Medical school: tertiary institution teaching medicine to prospective doctors. Covers history from 1765 Penn and the 1910 Flexner Report to US enrollment topping 100,000 in 2025-26, LCME accreditation, debt near $205,000, rankings disputes, and residency bottlenecks.
Medical sciences
Medical Sciences (Med. Sci., ISSN 2076-3271) is a peer-reviewed open access medical journal published monthly by MDPI in Basel since 2013, indexed in MEDLINE, PubMed, PMC, and Scopus, with a 2025 impact factor of 5.9.
Medical social work
Medical social work, also called hospital social work, is a clinical social work field addressing the social and psychological dimensions of illness, beginning at Massachusetts General Hospital in 1905.
Medical specialty
Medical specialty: a defined branch of medicine with focused training and certification, originating in 1830s Paris; includes ABMS 24 boards, UK 65 specialties, UEMS 43 sections, and subspecialization trends.
Medical Staff
Medical staff: the organized body of physicians and practitioners providing care in a hospital or organized facility, governed by bylaws, credentialing, and privileging under rules such as 42 CFR 482.22.
Medical state
Medical state, more commonly called health status, is the level of health of an individual, group, or population, as assessed by the person concerned or by objective measures.
Medical Subject Headings
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a controlled vocabulary produced since 1960 by the National Library of Medicine to index and search biomedical literature in MEDLINE and PubMed.
Medical tattoo
Medical tattoo (paramedical tattooing, medical micropigmentation): needle-inserted dermal pigment to restore or camouflage skin for medical reasons, chiefly nipple-areola reconstruction, scar and vitiligo camouflage, with about 91.7% patient satisfaction.
Medical terminology
Medical terminology: the structured vocabulary of health care, built from Greek and Latin prefixes, roots, and suffixes, and codified in standards such as SNOMED CT, ICD-11, and the UMLS Metathesaurus for interoperable clinical documentation.
Medical thermometer
A medical thermometer, also called a clinical thermometer, measures human body temperature by contact or by sensing infrared radiation, and its readings guide the detection and tracking of fever.
Medical thoracoscopy
Medical thoracoscopy, also called pleuroscopy or local anesthetic thoracoscopy, is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure performed under local anesthesia to inspect the pleura, drain fluid, take biopsies, and perform pleurodesis.
Medical tourism
Medical tourism: traveling internationally for medical care such as dental, cosmetic, oncology, fertility, or transplant procedures. Multibillion-dollar market; main U.S. destinations Mexico, Canada, Caribbean; infection is the leading complication.
Medical transcription
Medical transcription converts clinician dictation into patient medical records, historically by medical transcriptionists and now increasingly via speech recognition and ambient AI scribes, with human review still cutting error rates sharply.
Medical ultrasound
Medical ultrasound (sonography) uses high-frequency sound waves, not ionizing radiation, to image the body in real time. Covers transducer physics, Doppler modes, history from Dussik and Donald, safety indices MI and TI, artifacts, and point-of-care use.
Medical University of Lublin
Medical University of Lublin (Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublin), a public Polish medical university founded in 1950 as the Medical Academy, university status since 2008; about 7,000 students, English-language MD and DDS programs, three clinical hospitals, ranked 6th among Polish medical universities (Perspektywy 2025).
Medical University of South Carolina
Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), founded 1824 in Charleston, is the oldest medical school in the South and the state's only comprehensive academic health system, with six colleges, 18 hospitals serving all 46 counties, and $411.7 million in annual research expenditures.
Medical University of Vienna
The Medical University of Vienna, also known as MedUni Vienna, is an Austrian medical university created in 2004 from the University of Vienna's medical faculty.