All articles starting with M
36,687 articles
Menshutkin reaction
The Menshutkin reaction is the synthesis of a quaternary ammonium salt from a tertiary amine and an alkylating agent, first reported by Nikolai Menshutkin in 1890.
Menstrual cup
Menstrual cup: reusable bell-shaped silicone or latex device inserted in the vagina to collect menstrual flow; holds 10-38 mL, lasts up to 10 years, leakage similar or lower than pads or tampons.
Menstrual cycle
Menstrual cycle: the monthly hormonal process preparing the body for pregnancy, 21-35 days, ovulation mid-cycle, menstruation if no pregnancy; also called period, menses.
Menstrual Hygiene Products
Menstrual hygiene products (menstrual products, period products) are items such as tampons, pads, menstrual cups, discs, and period underwear used to absorb or collect menstrual fluid; FDA-regulated as medical devices in the US, with reusable cups showing the lowest environmental impact.
Menstrual pad
Menstrual pad (sanitary napkin): external absorbent product for menstrual fluid, disposable or reusable cloth. SAP-cored pads absorb 15-40 ml by spec; 10-20 used per cycle; FDA-regulated as devices; 500 million women lack access.
Menstrual synchrony
Menstrual synchrony, the McClintock effect, is the hypothesized convergence of menstrual cycles among women living together; reported in 1971, it lacks confirmed evidence and a verified pheromone mechanism.
Menstruation
Menstruation (menses, period): monthly shedding of the uterine lining through the vagina when pregnancy does not occur; cycles average 28 days (21–35), bleeding 3–7 days, from menarche to menopause.
Menstruation (mammal)
Menstruation (mammal): cyclic shedding of the uterine endometrium with bleeding, rare among mammals, occurring in higher primates, some bats, the elephant shrew, and the spiny mouse, driven by spontaneous decidualization and progesterone withdrawal.
Mental
Mental, billed in lineups as MENTAL, is a DJ and producer from Tucson, Arizona, whose documented credit is a Quiet Quarters slot at Decadence Arizona 2023.
Mental accounting
Mental accounting is a behavioral economics concept introduced by Richard Thaler in 1985, describing how people treat labeled money, such as windfalls or refunds, as not perfectly interchangeable.
Mental activity
Mental activity is the mind's ongoing perceiving, thinking, remembering, and language processing. Also called cognition; studied via fMRI, EEG, and behavioral tests; BOLD fMRI measures it only indirectly, and altered spontaneous activity marks psychiatric disorders.
Mental age
Mental age is an intelligence test score expressed as the age of children who typically perform at that level, introduced by Binet and Simon in 1908.
Mental arithmetic task
The mental arithmetic task (MAT) is a laboratory stress paradigm using timed calculation, often subtraction, to elicit measurable physiological and psychological stress responses in experiments.
Mental As Anything
Mental As Anything, also called the Mentals, is an Australian new wave and pub rock band formed in Sydney in 1976 by art school students including Reg Mombassa and Martin Plaza, with 25 Australian Top 40 hits and the international hit Live It Up.
Mental calculation
Mental calculation, also known as mental arithmetic or mental math, is the solving of arithmetic problems entirely in the head without aids such as a calculator or pen and paper.
Mental Cruelty
Mental Cruelty is a German symphonic blackened deathcore band from Karlsruhe, formed 2014, known for A Hill to Die Upon (2021) and Zwielicht (2023) on Century Media, not the legal term mental cruelty.
Mental disorder
A mental disorder, also called a psychiatric or psychological disorder, is a clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion, or behavior, usually with distress or impairment; anxiety and depression are most common.
Mental health
Mental health: WHO defines it as well-being beyond absence of illness. About 1.2 billion people (1 in 7) live with a mental disorder; anxiety and depression dominate; treatment gap is severe, under 9% adequate depression care.
Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003
The Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003 (2003 asp 13) is Scotland's main mental health statute, covering mental illness, personality disorder and learning disability, compulsory treatment orders, the Mental Health Tribunal, and named persons, amended by the 2015 Act and a 2026 remedial order.
Mental health of pilots
The mental health of pilots is the psychological fitness of flight crews, governed by medical certification in which mood and anxiety disorders can ground pilots who seek help.
Mental health professional
Mental health professional: umbrella term for trained providers such as psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, nurses, counselors, and peer workers; differs by degree, licensure, prescribing rights, and roles in care delivery.
Mental Health Review Tribunal (England and Wales)
Mental Health Review Tribunal (England and Wales), now the First-tier Tribunal (Mental Health) in England and the MHRTW in Wales, reviews Mental Health Act 1983 detentions and can order discharge.
Mental Health Services (concept)
Mental health services are organized services providing mental health care, MeSH descriptor D008605 since 1967. Covers deinstitutionalization history, community models such as community mental health centers and assertive community treatment, effectiveness evidence, and access barriers.
Mental Health Services (institution)
Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark (Region Hovedstadens Psykiatri): the Capital Region's psychiatric hospital organization, about 6,060 staff treating about 54,700 patients yearly across psychiatric centers, merged into the region's four acute hospitals on 1 January 2026.
Mental image
Mental image (mental imagery): a representation of sensory information without a direct external stimulus, occurring in all sense modalities. Defined functionally, central to the Kosslyn-Pylyshyn imagery debate, and varying from aphantasia to hyperphantasia.
Mental imagery task
A mental imagery task is an experimental paradigm in cognitive psychology where participants form or manipulate sensory images to measure imagery ability, including mental rotation, image scanning, and vividness questionnaires.
Mental Madhilo (మెంటల్ మధిలో)
Mental Madhilo (మెంటల్ మదిలో), also Mental Madilo, is a 2017 Telugu romantic comedy-drama, Vivek Athreya's directorial debut, starring Sree Vishnu, Nivetha Pethuraj, and Amrutha Srinivasan; released 24 November 2017, produced by Raj Kandukuri, music by Prashanth R Vihari, streaming on Prime Video and aha.
Mental Measurements Yearbook
The Mental Measurements Yearbook (MMY) is a reference series providing critical professional reviews of commercially available education and psychology tests, first published by Oscar Krisen Buros in 1938.
Mental model
Mental model: internal representation of a situation used for reasoning and prediction; proposed by Craik (1943), developed as a theory of deductive reasoning by Johnson-Laird (1980), and applied in HCI and neuroscience.
Mental representation
Mental representation, also called cognitive representation, is an information-bearing structure in the mind with semantic properties such as content and reference, a key posit of cognitive science.