All articles starting with M
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Mesopotamian Marshes (أهوار العراق)
The Mesopotamian Marshes (أهوار العراق), also called the Iraqi Marshlands or Ahwar, are a large wetland system in southern Iraq where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers meet, the largest freshwater wetland in the Middle East.
Mesorhizobium
Mesorhizobium, a genus of Gram-negative nitrogen-fixing rhizobia (type species M. loti) established by Jarvis et al. 1997; nodulates legumes such as chickpea and Lotus via chromosomal symbiosis islands.
Mesoridazine
Mesoridazine (Serentil, mesoridazine besylate) is a discontinued phenothiazine antipsychotic, the active side-chain sulfoxide metabolite of thioridazine, FDA-approved in 1970 for refractory schizophrenia and withdrawn over QT prolongation risk.
Mesorome
Mesorome (Greek Mesorome), ancient road station in Cappadocia on the Sebasteia-Nicopolis road, recorded in Ptolemy and the Tabula Peutingeriana, 13 miles before Nicopolis; site unidentified, candidates include Sushehri and Sahna Cimen.
Mesosaurus
Mesosaurus is a genus of small aquatic reptiles from the Early Permian, about 280 to 290 million years ago, whose fossils on two continents supported continental drift.
Mesoscale convective system
A mesoscale convective system (MCS) is an organized grouping of thunderstorms acting as a single system, spanning thousands of square kilometers and persisting for several hours or more.
Mesoscale eddy
A mesoscale eddy is a rotating body of ocean water, typically 10 to 100 km across, that drifts for weeks to over a year carrying heat and salt.
Mesoscopic perovskite solar cell
A mesoscopic perovskite solar cell is a perovskite photovoltaic device in which the absorber forms inside a porous metal-oxide scaffold, an architecture descended from the dye-sensitized solar cell.
Mesoscopic physics
Mesoscopic physics, or mesoscience, is the branch of condensed matter physics studying conductors whose size, typically nanometers to micrometers, lets electron phase coherence produce observable quantum interference effects.
Mesosphere
The mesosphere is the third layer of Earth's atmosphere, between the stratosphere and thermosphere at about 50 to 80 kilometers, where most meteors burn up.
Mesostigmata
Mesostigmata: an order of about 11,000 described parasitiform mites (mesostigmatans), mostly free-living soil predators, also including bee parasites like Varroa, vertebrate parasites, and biocontrol predators such as Phytoseiidae and Laelapidae.
Mesosulfuron
Mesosulfuron (mesosulfuron-methyl), a sulfonylurea ALS-inhibiting herbicide (CAS 208465-21-8) used in wheat, EU-approved to 2032; resistance in grass weeds arises via P450 and ABC transporter metabolism.
Mesotes
Mesotes (Southern Mock Vipers) is a South American dipsadid snake genus with two species, M. rutilus and M. strigatus; formerly a synonym of Thamnodynastes, revalidated by Trevine et al. in 2022.
Mesothelae
Mesothelae is the basal spider suborder, sister to Opisthothelae, with segmented abdomen, mid-body spinnerets, and two book lungs; living Liphistiidae, eight genera, c. 150 species in East and Southeast Asia, fossils from the Late Carboniferous.
Mesothelial cell
Mesothelial cell: the mesoderm-derived epithelial-like cell forming the mesothelium lining pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities; squamous-like, ~25 μm, secretes hyaluronan, mediates transport, inflammation, repair, and mesothelioma.
Mesothelin
MSLN, also known as mesothelin, MPF, or SMRP, is a human gene on chromosome 16 encoding a cell-surface protein overexpressed in mesothelioma, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers, a major immunotherapy target.
Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma, also called malignant mesothelioma, is a rare cancer of the mesothelium lining the pleura, peritoneum, or pericardium, caused mostly by asbestos exposure with 20 to 60 years latency; 5-year survival is under 5%.
Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis
Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis (MMTVT), a rare paratesticular mesothelioma, 0.3–5% of cases; asbestos-linked; presents as hydrocele; median survival 23–35 months; treated by radical orchiectomy.
Mesothelium
Mesothelium: the mesoderm-derived epithelial monolayer lining body cavities and covering organs (peritoneal, pleural, pericardial). Secretes lubricants and glycocalyx; acts as a gateway to fibrosis and modulates immunity and tumor progression.
Mesotherapy
Mesotherapy is an injection technique that delivers small amounts of drugs, vitamins, or other substances into the dermis for pain relief, skin rejuvenation, and localized fat reduction.
Mesotrione
Mesotrione is a selective triketone herbicide, developed by Syngenta and launched in the United States in 2001 as Callisto, used chiefly for weed control in corn.
Mesovortex
A mesovortex is a strong, long-lived, low-level vortex a few kilometers wide that forms in quasi-linear convective systems such as squall lines and bow echoes, and spawns most of their tornadoes.
Mesozoic
The Mesozoic Era, informally the Age of Reptiles, spans 251.9 to 66.0 million years ago and comprises the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods, when dinosaurs dominated the land.
Mesozoic chitons
Mesozoic chitons are the fossil chitons, marine molluscs with eight shell valves, described from Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous rocks, mostly in Western Europe and Russia.
Mesozoic diversification of spiders
The Mesozoic diversification of spiders is the evolution of spiders during the Mesozoic Era, 252 to 66 million years ago, including the first orb-weavers and co-radiation with insects.
Mesozoic gastropods
Mesozoic gastropods are the snails that lived and diversified across the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous, evolving crushing-resistant shells as predators rose, before a family-level turnover at the end-Cretaceous extinction.
Mesozoic marine revolution
Mesozoic marine revolution (MMR): Vermeij's 1977 term for major Mesozoic innovations in marine ecosystems, predation and productivity; now debated, with some researchers arguing the single-revolution framing should be abandoned.
Mespilus germanica
Mespilus germanica, the common medlar, is a small rose-family tree grown for brown fruits that become sweet only after bletting, native from the Caucasus to Iran.
Mesquite
Mesquite, also called mezquite or mesquite bush, is the common name for spiny, pod-bearing trees and shrubs of the legume genus Prosopis and relatives, used for food, fodder, and wood.
Mesquite Solar
Mesquite Solar is a utility-scale photovoltaic solar power complex in Arlington, Arizona, about 40 miles west of Phoenix, reaching about 530 MW of operating capacity in January 2024.