All articles starting with M
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Mexica dynasty of Tenochtitlan
The Mexica dynasty of Tenochtitlan (dinastía mexica de Tenochtitlan) was the ruling house of the Aztec capital, founded by Acamapichtli, whose eleven tlatoque ruled until the Spanish conquest of 1521.
Mexica migration from Aztlan
The Mexica migration from Aztlan was the journey of the Mexica people from their legendary homeland to the Valley of Mexico, ending with the founding of Mexico-Tenochtitlan in 1325.
Mexicali
Mexicali is the capital of the Mexican state of Baja California, a border city founded in 1903 across from Calexico and known for its Chinese food.
Mexican Academy of Language
The Mexican Academy of Language (Academia Mexicana de la Lengua, AML) is a Mexico City association, founded in 1875, that studies the Spanish language as spoken in Mexico.
Mexican Air Force
Mexican Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Mexicana, FAM), air arm under SEDENA rather than an independent branch. Operates F-5E/F fighters being retired in 2026 for 12 replacements by 2028, plus C-130, C-27J, and 737-800 transports.
Mexican Americans
Mexican Americans (mexicano-americanos): the largest U.S. Hispanic origin group, over 34.6 million in 2013; incorporated through the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and later Mexican immigration, concentrated in California and Texas.
Mexican Armed Forces
Fuerzas Armadas de México: Mexico's armed forces under SEDENA (Army, Air Force, National Guard) and SEMAR (Navy), commanded by the President, with about 225,000 active personnel and a post-2006 public-security mission.
Mexican Army
Mexican Army (Ejército Mexicano): land branch of Mexico's armed forces under SEDENA, commanded by the President as Comandante Supremo; sources report 165,000 (2023) to 275,443 (2025) personnel, deployed in 12 military regions and 48 zones, with public security, counter-narcotics, and Plan DN-III-E disaster-relief roles.
Mexican Border Defense Medal
Mexican Border Defense Medal (MBDM), a 2025 U.S. military service award for troops supporting Customs and Border Protection on the U.S.-Mexico border; 30 days' service from January 20, 2025, within 100 nautical miles; design identical to the 1918 Mexican Border Service Medal.
Mexican Cession
Mexican Cession, territory ceded by Mexico to the United States under the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: over 525,000 square miles, 55 percent of Mexico, including California, Nevada, Utah, and New Mexico, for $15 million.
Mexican Coke
Mexican Coke is Coca-Cola bottled in Mexico with cane sugar and glass bottles, imported to the US since 2005 as an alternative to US Coke's high-fructose corn syrup, with mixed blind taste-test results.
Mexican Communist Party
The Mexican Communist Party (Partido Comunista Mexicano) was a Marxist party founded in Mexico City in 1919 and merged into a unified socialist party in 1981.
Mexican Constitution of 1824
The Mexican Constitution of 1824 (Constitución Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos de 1824) established a popular, representative federal republic of nineteen states, sanctioned on 4 October 1824.
Mexican Constitution of 1857
The Mexican Constitution of 1857 (Constitución Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos de 1857) established Mexico as a federal republic, abolishing slavery and clerical privileges.
Mexican cuisine
Mexican cuisine: the maize-based culinary tradition of Mexico, defined by corn, beans, chilies, and squash, nixtamalization, colonial Spanish mestizaje, UNESCO 2010 heritage status, and a modern Michelin-starred, sustainability-focused restaurant scene.
Mexican Department
Mexican Department (მექსიკის განყოფილება), phytogeographic section of Batumi Botanical Garden, Georgia; 0.7 ha, 38 species of 23 genera, 7 IUCN red-list species, and a Mexican Stone Garden succulent hill.
Mexican Dirty War
The Mexican Dirty War, in Spanish Guerra Sucia, was the Mexican state's systematic repression of political opponents through torture, execution, and forced disappearance from 1965 to 1990.
Mexican drug war
The Mexican drug war, launched by President Felipe Calderón on December 11, 2006, is the militarized conflict between Mexico and drug cartels, with over 463,000 homicides and 130,000 disappearances since 2006.
Mexican Eagle Oil
Mexican Eagle Oil (Compañía Mexicana de Petróleo El Águila) was an oil company founded by Weetman Pearson that dominated Mexican petroleum until Shell bought control in 1919.
Mexican federal highway system
The Mexican federal highway system, or Red Carretera Federal, is the network of roads under federal jurisdiction in Mexico, measuring 52,044 km in 2024, of which 11,496 km were tolled.
Mexican filter
Mexican filter, also called Mexico filter or yellow filter, is the sepia-yellow color grade Hollywood applies to Mexico scenes, originating in Traffic (2000), spread by Breaking Bad, memed since 2012, and criticized by Lubezki's Unfilter Mexico campaign.
Mexican free-tailed bat
Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis, Brazilian free-tailed bat), a fast migratory molossid bat of the Americas forming huge Texas cave colonies such as Bracken Cave, eating agricultural pest insects and named Texas state flying mammal in 1995.
Mexican Grand Prix
Mexican Grand Prix, officially the Mexico City Grand Prix (Gran Premio de la Ciudad de México), a Formula One race at Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez, 2,285 m altitude, Foro Sol stadium section, contracted through 2028.
Mexican grizzly bear
The Mexican grizzly bear (Ursus arctos nelsoni), or oso plateado, was a large brown bear of northern Mexico and the southwestern United States, hunted and poisoned to extinction around 1964.
Mexican hat dance
Mexican hat dance, or Jarabe Tapatío, is Mexico's national dance from Jalisco: a charro-china courtship zapateado medley standardized by the SEP in 1924, ending with La Diana.
Mexican lapdog
Mexican lapdog: a term meaning the Chihuahua (smallest breed, under 6 lb), the toy Xoloitzcuintli (10-15 lb), or an extinct guinea-pig-sized historical breed of that exact name from Mexico.
Mexican League
Mexican League (Liga Mexicana de Béisbol, LMB), Mexico's professional summer baseball league, founded 1925 by Fray Nano Reyes and Ernesto Carmona; Negro Leagues haven in the 1940s; Triple-A 1967-2021, independent since.
Mexican Liberal Party
The Mexican Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Mexicano) was a radical political organization founded in 1905 in Saint Louis, Missouri, by Mexican exiles led by Ricardo Flores Magón.
Mexican long-nosed armadillo
Mexican long-nosed armadillo (Dasypus mexicanus), also called nine-banded armadillo: an armadillo from the central-eastern US to Costa Rica, split from D. novemcinctus by genetics, with 7–11 bands, polyembryony, and IUCN Least Concern status.
Mexican Mafia
The Mexican Mafia is a loosely structured criminal organization that directs over 21,000 gang members. It controls allied Hispanic street gangs across the United States and Mexico.