All articles starting with M
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Magnetized plasma
A magnetized plasma is an ionized gas whose charged particles are steered by a magnetic field more strongly than by collisions, underlying magnetic fusion confinement.
Magnetized plasma sheath
A magnetized plasma sheath is the boundary layer between a plasma and a surface when a magnetic field meets the wall obliquely, splitting the sheath into sub-layers.
Magnetized target fusion
Magnetized target fusion (MTF), also called magneto-inertial fusion, is a fusion approach that compresses a magnetized plasma with an imploding liner, needing far slower implosions than inertial confinement fusion.
Magneto
A magneto is a permanent-magnet alternating-current generator that produces high-voltage pulses to fire spark plugs, first built by Hippolyte Pixii in 1832 and still standard in aircraft ignition.
Magneto (group)
Magneto is a Mexican boy band formed in 1983, one of the most influential Latin American pop groups of the 1980s and 1990s, best known for the 1991 hit "Vuela, vuela".
Magneto (Marvel Comics)
Magneto (Erik Lehnsherr, Max Eisenhardt) is Marvel Comics' Master of Magnetism, an X-Men #1 (1963) villain created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, later a Holocaust survivor and sometime hero, appearing in films and X-Men '97.
Magneto and common-battery switchboards
Magneto and common-battery switchboards are manual telephone exchange boards distinguished by power source: magneto subscribers crank a generator and carry local batteries, while common-battery boards draw power from the exchange.
Magneto-ionics
Magneto-ionics is the control of magnetic properties by voltage-driven ion motion, where migrating ions such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, or lithium change magnetic ordering, anisotropy, and coercivity.
Magneto-optic effect
The magneto-optic effect, also called magneto-optical rotation, is any change in light's polarization or intensity caused by a magnetic field, first demonstrated by Faraday in 1845.
Magneto-optic Kerr effect
The magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) is the change in polarization of light reflected from a magnetized material, discovered by John Kerr in 1877 as the reflection counterpart of the Faraday effect.
Magneto-optical Kerr effect
The magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) is the change in polarization and intensity of light reflected from a magnetized material, discovered by John Kerr in 1877.
Magneto-optical rotatory dispersion
Magneto-optical rotatory dispersion (MORD) is a spectroscopy method measuring how magnetic-field-induced optical rotation varies with wavelength, probing electronic states and magnetic ordering; it is the magnetic analog of optical rotatory dispersion.
Magneto-optical spectroscopy
Magneto-optical spectroscopy measures how an applied magnetic field changes how matter interacts with light, yielding Faraday rotation and magnetic circular dichroism in transmission and Kerr rotation in reflection.
Magneto-optical trap
A magneto-optical trap is a device that cools and confines neutral atoms with laser beams and a magnetic field at microkelvin temperatures, first demonstrated in 1987.
Magnetocaloric effect
The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is the reversible temperature and entropy change of a magnetic material under a changing magnetic field, the basis of magnetic refrigeration.
Magnetocardiography
Magnetocardiography (MCG) is a non-contact, non-invasive technique that measures the magnetic fields produced by the heart's electrical activity, first recorded in 1963 and used to detect myocardial ischemia and fetal arrhythmias.
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy is the dependence of a magnetic material's internal energy on the direction of magnetization relative to the crystal axes, giving preferred easy axes set by the crystal structure.
Magnetoelastic coupling
Magnetoelastic coupling is the transfer of energy between a material's magnetic and elastic systems. It underlies magnetostriction and its inverse, the stress-induced change of magnetization.
Magnetoelectric effect
The magnetoelectric effect is the coupling between electricity and magnetism in materials, where each induces the other, first observed by Röntgen in 1888 and central to multiferroics and memory devices.
Magnetoelectric nanoparticles
Magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs), typically cobalt ferrite core–shell particles, convert magnetic fields into local electric fields, enabling wireless deep brain stimulation, neural recording, and targeted drug delivery.
Magnetoencephalography
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a non-invasive brain imaging method recording neuromagnetic fields with SQUID or optically pumped magnetometer sensors, offering millimeter spatial and millisecond temporal resolution for epilepsy localization and presurgical mapping.
Magnetohydrodynamic drive
A magnetohydrodynamic drive, also known as an MHD drive or caterpillar drive, is a marine propulsion system that pushes a vessel by magnetically pumping seawater, with no moving parts.
Magnetohydrodynamic dynamo
A magnetohydrodynamic dynamo is a process in which the motion of an electrically conducting fluid generates and sustains a magnetic field, as in Earth and the Sun.
Magnetohydrodynamic generator
A magnetohydrodynamic generator converts the thermal energy of a hot conducting fluid directly into electricity by passing it through a magnetic field, with no turbine.
Magnetohydrodynamic simulation
A magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation numerically solves the MHD equations, a single-fluid description of conducting plasma, to model systems such as planetary magnetospheres, the solar wind, and astrophysical flows.
Magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
Magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, or MHD turbulence, is the turbulent motion of an electrically conducting fluid or plasma threaded by a magnetic field, applied to the solar wind and the interstellar medium.
Magnetohydrodynamics
Magnetohydrodynamics, or MHD, is the branch of physics describing electrically conducting fluids such as plasma and liquid metals interacting with magnetic fields, pioneered by Hannes Alfvén in 1942.
Magnetometer
A magnetometer, also known as a gaussmeter or teslameter, is an instrument that measures the strength and direction of magnetic fields, from inexpensive Hall-effect chips to highly sensitive SQUIDs.
Magnetometry
Magnetometry is the measurement of magnetic fields or of the magnetization of materials, using instruments from Hall sensors and fluxgates to SQUIDs and atomic magnetometers, dating to the 1830s.
Magnetomotive force
Magnetomotive force (MMF), also called magnetomotance, is the quantity that drives magnetic flux around a magnetic circuit, equal to a coil's turns times its current and measured in ampere-turns.