All articles starting with M
36,687 articles
Microscopic haematuria
Microscopic haematuria, or microhematuria, is 3 or more red blood cells per high-power field on urine microscopy with normal-appearing urine. Guided by AUA/SUFU risk stratification (low, intermediate, high) for cystoscopy and imaging.
Microscopic Imager
The Microscopic Imager was a fixed-focus camera on the robotic arms of NASA's Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity, taking extreme close-up views of rocks and soils.
Microscopic polyangiitis
Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), also called micropolyangiitis, is a rare pauci-immune ANCA-associated small-vessel vasculitis, usually MPO-ANCA positive, causing crescentic glomerulonephritis and alveolar hemorrhage, distinct from GPA, EGPA, and polyarteritis nodosa.
Microscopic reversibility
Microscopic reversibility is the chemical principle that, at equilibrium, a reaction and its reverse proceed at the same rate through the same mechanism, stated by Tolman in 1924.
Microscopic traffic simulation
Microscopic traffic simulation is a computational method that models each vehicle on a road network individually, computing its position, speed, and driving decisions second by second.
Microscopy
Microscopy, or microscopic analysis, is the family of techniques for magnifying objects too small to see with the unaided eye, spanning optical, electron, and scanning probe instruments.
Microscopy with ultraviolet surface excitation
Microscopy with ultraviolet surface excitation (MUSE) is a slide-free microscopy technique introduced in 2017 that uses shallowly penetrating ultraviolet light to image unsectioned tissue, producing histology-like images within minutes.
Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton
Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy (two-photon microscopy, multiphoton excitation microscopy) excites fluorophores by simultaneous absorption of pulsed near-infrared photons, giving pinhole-free optical sectioning, deep tissue imaging, and reduced out-of-focus photobleaching.
Microsecond
A microsecond (µs, from the SI prefix micro) is one millionth of a second, the unit in which 1 MHz signals cycle, GPS-disciplined clocks synchronize, and NAND flash memory responds.
Microseismic monitoring
Microseismic monitoring is a passive geophysics method that records very small earthquakes from hydraulic fracturing and fluid flow, used to image subsurface fractures and stress changes.
Microsemi
Microsemi Corporation was an American semiconductor company in Aliso Viejo, California, known for analog, mixed-signal, and flash-based FPGA products, acquired by Microchip Technology in 2018 for about $8.24 billion.
Microservices
Microservices, also known as microservice architecture, is an architectural style in which an application is built as small, independently deployable services, each owning its own data and communicating through lightweight APIs.
Microsimulation
Microsimulation is a modeling method that simulates individual units one at a time and aggregates results into population-level estimates, proposed by Guy Orcutt in 1957.
Microsleep
Microsleep: brief involuntary sleep episode (a few seconds to about 30 s) during wakefulness, caused by sleep deprivation, undetectable to the sufferer, EEG-detectable, and a major factor in drowsy-driving crashes.
Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation is an American technology company in Redmond, Washington, founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in 1975 and known for Windows, Azure cloud services, and AI.
Microsoft 365
Microsoft 365 is Microsoft's subscription-based productivity and cloud platform, combining Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook with cloud services including OneDrive storage, Teams, and Exchange Online email.
Microsoft 365 Copilot
Microsoft 365 Copilot is an AI assistant embedded in Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, and Teams that drafts and summarizes content, available to commercial customers since November 2023.
Microsoft Access
Microsoft Access, also known as MS Access, is a database management system from Microsoft, first released in 1992, that lets non-specialists build relational database applications on Windows.
Microsoft account
A Microsoft account, formerly called Windows Live ID and Microsoft Passport, is a personal email-and-password sign-in giving single sign-on access to Microsoft consumer services like Xbox, Microsoft 365, and OneDrive.
Microsoft AI
Microsoft AI is Microsoft's artificial intelligence division, created in 2024 under CEO Mustafa Suleyman to build Copilot and in-house MAI models, anchored by a multibillion-dollar OpenAI partnership.
Microsoft AI for Earth
Microsoft AI for Earth is a Microsoft grant program, launched in 2017, that provides cloud computing and AI tools for climate, agriculture, biodiversity, and water projects.
Microsoft Azure
Microsoft Azure, formerly Windows Azure, is Microsoft's cloud computing platform, announced in 2008 and made generally available in 2010; the second-largest cloud provider, it passed $75 billion in annual revenue in 2025.
Microsoft Azure Digital Twins
Microsoft Azure Digital Twins is an Azure IoT service for creating digital replicas of buildings, factories, and cities as a live graph, generally available since December 2020.
Microsoft Azure Neural TTS
Microsoft Azure Neural TTS is the neural text-to-speech service in Azure AI Speech, converting text into natural speech with prebuilt, custom, and personal voices in 100+ languages.
Microsoft BASIC
Microsoft BASIC is the family of BASIC interpreters Microsoft developed beginning in 1975, starting with Altair BASIC, its first product, which became the built-in language of most 1970s and 1980s home computers.
Microsoft Bing
Microsoft Bing is a web search engine owned and operated by Microsoft, launched in 2009 as a rebranding of Live Search, and enhanced with OpenAI-powered chat in 2023.
Microsoft Bob
Microsoft Bob is a consumer software package released by Microsoft in March 1995, replacing the Windows desktop with a cartoon house for novice home users.
Microsoft campus
The Microsoft campus in Redmond, Washington, is Microsoft's worldwide headquarters, a 502-acre site with 125 buildings and about 15 million square feet of office space.
Microsoft Cloud
Microsoft Cloud is Microsoft's commercial cloud business, reported as an aggregate revenue measure broader than Azure alone, generating $168.9 billion in fiscal 2025 across more than 400 datacenters.
Microsoft Configuration Manager
Microsoft Configuration Manager, widely known as SCCM and formerly System Center Configuration Manager, is a Microsoft systems management product for deploying applications, updates, and operating systems across servers and desktops.