All articles starting with M
36,687 articles
Microvillus inclusion disease
Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID, Davidson disease, congenital microvillus atrophy) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital enteropathy causing life-threatening neonatal secretory diarrhea, caused mainly by MYO5B mutations and treated with lifelong parenteral nutrition.
Microviridae
Microviridae is a family of non-enveloped ssDNA bacteriophages infecting bacteria with T=1 icosahedral capsids. It is typified by $\phi$X174, the first whole genome sequenced in 1977.
Microvision
Microvision (Milton Bradley Microvision, MB Microvision): handheld game console released November 1979 at US$49.99, the first with interchangeable ROM cartridges; CPU lived in each cartridge, 16x16 LCD, 12 games, about 500,000 units, discontinued 1981, inspired the Game Boy.
Microwave
A microwave is an electromagnetic wave in the radio spectrum between roughly 300 MHz and 300 GHz, used in ovens, radar, satellite communication, and superconducting quantum computers.
Microwave ablation
Microwave ablation (MWA) is a minimally invasive, image-guided treatment that heats tumors with microwave energy, used chiefly for liver and lung cancers that cannot be resected.
Microwave activation (chemistry)
Microwave activation in chemistry, also called microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS), heats reaction mixtures directly by dielectric heating, giving rapid heating, shorter reaction times, and often higher yields.
Microwave and wave diagnostics of plasmas
Microwave and wave diagnostics of plasmas are techniques that probe plasmas with millimeter or centimeter-wave radiation, using interferometry, reflectometry, and radiometry to measure electron density, temperature, and magnetic-field profiles.
Microwave auditory effect
The microwave auditory effect, or Frey effect, is the perception of clicks or buzzes in the head from pulsed microwave energy, first studied by Allan Frey in the early 1960s.
Microwave cavity
A microwave cavity, or cavity resonator, is an enclosed metallic structure that confines electromagnetic fields and resonates at discrete frequencies set by its geometry, used in filters, accelerators, and the cavity magnetron.
Microwave digestion
Microwave digestion, or microwave-assisted digestion, is an analytical chemistry sample-preparation method that uses microwave heating with concentrated acids in sealed vessels to dissolve samples quickly before elemental analysis by ICP-MS.
Microwave drying
Microwave drying is a dielectric drying method, using 915 or 2,450 MHz microwaves to heat wet materials volumetrically and cut drying times by 25 to 90% versus hot-air drying.
Microwave heating
Microwave heating is a thermal processing method that converts microwave radiation, in the 0.3–300 GHz band, into heat generated throughout a material's volume rather than at its surface.
Microwave Imaging
Microwave imaging, also called microwave tomography, is a non-ionizing diagnostic technique using 500 MHz–10 GHz waves and tissue dielectric contrast, aimed mainly at breast cancer and stroke detection; still pre-commercial.
Microwave landing system
The microwave landing system (MLS) is an ICAO-standardized aviation landing aid that guides aircraft to a runway using microwave scanning beams, developed in the 1970s.
Microwave optomechanics
Microwave optomechanics studies systems in which a mechanical resonator couples to a superconducting microwave circuit, the microwave-frequency counterpart of cavity optomechanics, also called quantum electromechanics.
Microwave oven
A microwave oven is a kitchen appliance that cooks food by exciting water molecules with microwaves, invented by Percy Spencer at Raytheon in 1945 and now in over 96% of US households.
Microwave photon detection
Microwave photon detection is the measurement of individual photons in the microwave range, roughly 300 MHz to 300 GHz, requiring cryogenic superconducting circuits for qubit readout, axion searches, and quantum communication.
Microwave photonics
Microwave photonics is an interdisciplinary field using light to generate, process, and distribute microwave signals, enabling fiber to carry them with bandwidths above 100 GHz.
Microwave plasma
A microwave plasma is an electrodeless electrical discharge sustained by microwave power, most often at 2.45 GHz, and used for semiconductor etching, diamond synthesis, and ion sources for spacecraft propulsion.
Microwave quantum logic gates for trapped ions
A 2011 experimental physics paper by Dietrich Leibfried and David Wineland's NIST team, published in Nature, driving trapped-ion quantum logic gates with microwaves instead of lasers.
Microwave radiometry
Microwave radiometry is the passive measurement of thermal microwave emission from the atmosphere, ocean, or land, retrieving temperature and moisture in all weather, day or night.
Microwave resonator
A microwave resonator is an electromagnetic structure, such as a cavity or transmission line, that stores microwave energy at discrete frequencies, behind filters, sensors, and superconducting qubit readout.
Microwave sintering
Microwave sintering is a ceramic processing method in which compacted powder absorbs microwave radiation directly, heating internally instead of from furnace elements, giving rapid, uniform densification.
Microwave spectroscopy
Microwave spectroscopy is an analytical method measuring microwave absorption by gas-phase molecules to determine rotational transitions, from which bond lengths, conformers, and dipole moments follow.
Microwave transmission
Microwave transmission, or microwave communication, conveys information by radio waves at 1 to 100 GHz in line-of-sight point-to-point links, once the backbone of long-distance telephone networks.
Microwave-assisted cathode synthesis
Microwave-assisted cathode synthesis is a family of battery-manufacturing methods that uses microwave energy, as dielectric heating or plasma, to produce lithium-ion and sodium-ion cathode powders far faster than conventional calcination.
Microwave-assisted extraction
Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), or microwave extraction, is a sample-preparation technique that uses microwave energy to heat solvent or sample directly, replacing hours of Soxhlet extraction with minutes at lower solvent use.
Microwave-assisted hydrothermal method
The microwave-assisted hydrothermal method heats aqueous precursor solutions with microwaves inside sealed vessels, crystallizing nanostructured oxides, ferrites, and zeolites far faster than conventional hydrothermal synthesis.
Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis
Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis, also called microwave hydrothermal synthesis, prepares inorganic and nanostructured materials by heating aqueous precursors in a sealed vessel with microwaves, cutting reaction times from hours to minutes.
Microwave-assisted magnetic recording
Microwave-assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) is a hard disk drive recording technology that uses a microwave field from a spin-torque oscillator to pack data bits more densely.