All articles starting with M
36,687 articles
Middle Ear Ventilation
Middle ear ventilation, also called tympanostomy or grommet insertion, treats glue ear by inserting tiny tubes through the eardrum to drain fluid and let air in.
Middle East
Middle East: transcontinental region of western Asia and North Africa, also called MENA or SWANA. European-coined term (~1900); water-scarce; World Bank MENAAP grouping (23 economies since 2025); 2026 conflict contracted output 2.1%.
Middle East Airlines (طيران الشرق الأوسط)
Middle East Airlines, formally Middle East Airlines – Air Liban, is the flag-carrier airline of Lebanon. Founded in 1945, it is a SkyTeam member based in Beirut.
Middle East and North Africa
Middle East and North Africa (MENA, also MENAP/MENAAP) is a World Bank and IMF regional grouping of southwestern Asian and North African countries, defined variously by organization; major oil and gas reserves, acute water scarcity, rapid warming, and low female labor participation distinguish it.
Middle East Media Research Institute
MEMRI (Middle East Media Research Institute), also called Middle East Media and Research Institute, is a Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit founded February 1998 by Yigal Carmon that translates Arabic, Farsi, Urdu-Pashtu, Dari, Turkish, and Russian media into English; critics question its selectivity while users cite translation accuracy.
Middle East Rally Championship
FIA Middle East Rally Championship (MERC), regional rally series founded 1984 after the Gulf Rally Championship. Six 2026 rounds (Oman, Qatar, Jordan, Lebanon, Cyprus, Saudi Arabia); Nasser Al-Attiyah holds records with 91 wins and 20 titles.
Middle east respiratory syndrome
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), MERS-CoV, a zoonotic coronavirus disease first identified in Saudi Arabia and Jordan in 2012; dromedary camels are the reservoir, over 2,600 cases reported, roughly 36-37% of reported cases fatal, no licensed vaccine or treatment.
Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)
Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present), also called the post-October 7 regional war: the conflict chain begun by Hamas's 7 October 2023 attack on Israel, spreading from Gaza to Hezbollah, the Houthis, Syria, and direct Israel–Iran war, with ceasefires in 2025.
Middle Eastern cuisine
Middle Eastern cuisine is a collective label for foodways across the Levant, Anatolia, and the Arabian Peninsula. It includes diverse traditions like Levantine, Persian, and Turkish cooking.
Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I: British Empire and French campaigns against the Ottoman Empire in Mesopotamia, Gallipoli, Sinai and Palestine, and Persia, 1914-1918, ending with Megiddo and the Ottoman surrender.
Middle English
Middle English, the stage of English between Old English and Early Modern English, roughly 1100-1500, marked by loss of inflections, French and Latin loanwords, and strong dialect variation.
Middle English literature
Middle English literature is the writing in English produced in England from about 1100 to 1500, between the Norman Conquest and the arrival of printing.
Middle English romance
Middle English romance is a genre of vernacular tales of chivalry, love, and the marvelous, with over eighty verse romances surviving from about 1225 to 1500.
Middle European Cooperation in Statistical Physics
The Middle European Cooperation in Statistical Physics, known as MECO, is an annual international statistical physics conference held each year in a different European country since 1974.
Middle Francia
Middle Francia (Francia media): central kingdom created by the Treaty of Verdun in 843 under Emperor Lothair I, stretching from the Frisian coast to Italy, divided among his sons at Prüm in 855 into Lotharingia, Italy, and Provence.
Middle French
Middle French (moyen français): the stage of French between Old French and Modern French, conventionally c. 1300-1500, marked by loss of Latin case declensions, spelling-pronunciation divergence, and Renaissance lexical growth.
Middle Hittite kingdom
The Middle Hittite kingdom is the modern label for the poorly documented 'dark age' of the Hittite kingdom, from Telipinu's reign to Tudhaliya I's accession in the late 15th century BC.
Middle Horizon
The Middle Horizon is a period of Andean prehistory, dated roughly AD 600 to 1000, defined by a shared Tiwanaku-derived art style and the rise of the Wari and Tiwanaku states.
Middle income trap
The middle income trap is the proposition that countries reaching middle-income status stop converging on rich-country living standards, stalling at roughly a tenth of US income per person.
Middle Jüz
The Middle Jüz (Orta jüz; Орта жүз), or Middle Horde, is one of the three Kazakh tribal divisions, occupying central, northern, and eastern Kazakhstan and comprising six major tribes.
middle Kaub Formation
Middle Kaub Formation: clay-rich middle part of the Kaub Formation (Lower Emsian, Lower Devonian) in the Hunsrück, Germany; five members, laminated slates with Chondrites, source of the Bundenbach Hunsrück Slate fossils.
Middle Kingdom of Egypt
Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2040-1782 BCE, Dynasty 11-13): reunification by Mentuhotep II after the First Intermediate Period, the 12th Dynasty classical age under Amenemhat I and Senusret III, ending with the Hyksos rise in the Second Intermediate Period.
Middle kingdoms of India
The Middle kingdoms of India refers to the 'Age of small kingdoms,' a phase where no single power controlled the subcontinent from 230 BCE to 1206 CE.
Middle Korean
Middle Korean (중세국어) is the stage of the Korean language spoken from 918 to about 1592, divided into the Goryeo-period Early Middle Korean and Joseon-era Late Middle Korean.
Middle management
Middle management is the tier of managers between frontline employees and top executives, translating strategy into day-to-day work and carrying information upward; US median pay was $122,090 in 2024.
Middle Men (film)
Middle Men (2009) is a George Gallo crime comedy-drama starring Luke Wilson, Giovanni Ribisi, and Gabriel Macht about the birth of internet porn billing, based on producer Christopher Mallick; it cost $22 million and grossed under $1 million.
Middle meningeal artery
Middle meningeal artery (MMA), arteria meningea media: maxillary artery branch entering via foramen spinosum to supply most of the cranial dura; ruptures at pterion cause epidural hematoma and it is embolized for chronic subdural hematoma.
Middle Missouri
Middle Missouri, FEOW freshwater ecoregion 143, a temperate floodplain rivers and wetlands region covering the middle Missouri River basin from central North Dakota to northwestern Colorado, with no known endemic fish, mussels, crayfish, or aquatic herpetofauna.
Middle name
A middle name is a secondary personal name between the first name and surname. Origins trace to late 13th-century Italy; England adopted it via surname-middle names in the 18th to 19th centuries; the US SSA excludes it from the legal name.
Middle of Nowhere (2012 film)
Middle of Nowhere (2012) is Ava DuVernay's second feature drama, starring Emayatzy Corinealdi as a nurse whose husband (Omari Hardwick) serves an eight-year prison sentence; it won DuVernay the 2012 Sundance directing award and the 2013 Independent Spirit John Cassavetes Award.