All articles starting with M
36,687 articles
Minimum mean-square error interference rejection combining
Minimum mean-square error interference rejection combining (MMSE-IRC) is a multi-antenna receiver technique that places nulls toward dominant interferers, widely adopted in LTE from Release 11 and carried into 5G NR.
Minimum safe altitude
Minimum safe altitude (MSA) is an aviation altitude below which flight is unsafe because of terrain or obstacles, defined in US regulations and on instrument charts.
Minimum spanning tree
A minimum spanning tree is a subset of edges that connects all vertices of a weighted, undirected graph with no cycles and the least total weight; Kruskal's and Prim's algorithms compute it.
Minimum support price (India)
Minimum Support Price (MSP) is a price fixed by the Government of India to guarantee purchase of notified crops, protecting farmers from distress sales and ensuring food grain procurement.
Minimum thermal conductivity
Minimum thermal conductivity is the lower limit on a solid's heat conduction, reached when phonon scattering is so strong the mean free path nears the interatomic spacing.
Minimum tillage
Minimum tillage is a soil-management practice for crop production that disturbs soil as little as possible with non-inversion tillage, cutting passes by at least 40% versus conventional plowing.
Minimum variance distortionless response
The minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer, or Capon beamformer, is an adaptive array-processing method introduced by J. Capon in 1969 and widely used in radar, sonar, and communications.
Minimum viable product
A minimum viable product (MVP) is the simplest version of a new product released to real customers to test the business idea with the least effort.
Minimum wage
The minimum wage is the lowest hourly wage employers may legally pay, set by statute or collective agreement in more than 90 percent of ILO member states.
Minimum Wage (TV series)
Minimum Wage is an American short-form workplace mockumentary comedy from American High, adapted from a 2024 YouTube series; Netflix ordered 28 episodes of about 12.5 minutes, first 14 premiering October 26, 2026, set in a chaotic pizzeria.
Minimum wage in Canada
Minimum wage in Canada is set by each province and territory, with a separate federal rate under the Canada Labour Code; employers must pay the higher of the two.
Minimum wage in the United States
The minimum wage in the United States is a legal floor on hourly pay, set federally at $7.25 per hour since 2009, with higher rates in most states.
Minimum wage in Turkey
Minimum wage in Turkey is a national wage floor set by a tripartite Commission. The 2026 gross rate is 33,030 TRY, while the net wage is 28,075.50 TRY.
Minimum Wages Act 1948
Minimum Wages Act 1948: Indian statute letting central and state governments fix and revise minimum wages in scheduled employments; assent 15 March 1948; repealed by the Code on Wages, 2019, effective 21 November 2025.
Minimum-cost flow problem
The minimum-cost flow problem seeks the cheapest feasible flow through a directed network with arc costs and capacity limits, generalizing shortest path, transportation, and assignment problems.
Minimum-jerk trajectory
A minimum-jerk trajectory is a motion profile connecting boundary states while minimizing squared jerk, formulated by Flash and Hogan in 1985 and now standard for smooth robot motion.
Minimum-shift keying
Minimum-shift keying (MSK) is a digital modulation scheme, a continuous-phase form of frequency-shift keying whose frequencies are separated by exactly half the bit rate, the minimum for coherent orthogonal detection.
Minimum-snap trajectory generation
Minimum-snap trajectory generation is an optimization method that produces smooth quadrotor flight paths by minimizing the fourth derivative of position, introduced by Mellinger and Kumar in 2011.
MiniMüzikhol
MiniMüzikhol is an underground electronic music club on an apartment floor in Cihangir, Istanbul, opened in 2009 by local DJs and described as the city's longest-standing underground club.
Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals and other geological materials from the Earth, using underground, surface (open pit), and placer methods chosen by deposit.
Mining accident
A mining accident, also called a mining disaster, is a sudden harmful event during mineral extraction, ranging from rock falls to explosions, fires, floods, and collapses; in the US a disaster means 5 or more deaths.
Mining and Chemical Combine
The Mining and Chemical Combine (GKhK) is a Russian nuclear enterprise in the closed city of Zheleznogorsk, established in 1953 as the third Soviet plutonium production facility.
Mining and Tax Eunuch Commissioners
The Mining and Tax Eunuch Commissioners (矿税使) were Ming commissioners of the Wanli era, first dispatched in 1596 to collect mining and tax silver, provoking uprisings until 1620.
Mining and Tax Eunuch Disturbances (Wanli era)
The Mining and Tax Eunuch Disturbances (矿监税使之祸) were riots provoked by eunuch mining and tax commissioners the Wanli Emperor dispatched across the Ming empire from 1598.
Mining Area of the Great Copper Mountain in Falun
Mining Area of the Great Copper Mountain in Falun (Falu gruva, Stora Kopparberget), UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2001 in Dalarna, Sweden; copper mined from the 9th century to 1992, peaking in the 17th century with the Great Pit Stora Stöten.
Mining district
A mining district is a named geographic area where minerals have been extracted at considerable, often long-lasting scale, focused on related ore types, with boundaries traditionally recognized rather than administrative.
Mining expedition of Ramesses IV to the Wadi Hammamat
The mining expeditions of Ramesses IV to the Wadi Hammamat (c. 1156–1150 BC) quarried prized bekhen-stone for his mortuary monuments, the largest workforce exceeding 8,000 men.
Mining in Australia
Mining in Australia, also known as the mining industry in Australia, extracts iron ore, coal, gold, bauxite, lithium and uranium, earning $343 billion in exports in 2023.
Mining in Brazil
Mining in Brazil is the extraction and processing of minerals, dominated by iron ore, generating $50.3 billion in 2024, led by Vale, and regulated by the National Mining Agency.
Mining in Canada
Mining in Canada is the extraction and first processing of minerals and metals, producing $64.3 billion of output in 2024, employing 724,000 people, and supplying 21% of merchandise exports.