All articles starting with M
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Mode-locked fiber laser
A mode-locked fiber laser is a fiber laser whose cavity modes are locked in phase, emitting ultrashort femtosecond or picosecond pulses at a fixed repetition rate.
Mode-locked laser diode
A mode-locked laser diode is a semiconductor laser that emits ultrashort optical pulses, typically 0.5 to 5 picoseconds, at repetition rates used in telecoms and optical data transmission.
Mode-locking
Mode-locking is a family of laser techniques that fixes the relative phases of a laser's longitudinal modes, turning continuous light into a train of ultrashort, high-peak-power pulses.
MODEC
MODEC, Inc. (三井海洋開発) is a Japanese company that designs, builds, owns, and operates floating production systems for offshore oil and gas fields, chiefly FPSOs, and leads the leased FPSO market alongside SBM Offshore.
Model
A scientific model is a purposeful, simplified representation of a system, phenomenon, or process, built to explain data, connect theories to situations, and support decisions.
Model (art)
Model (art) covers the sculptor's preliminary model (maquette, bozzetto), the modelling technique in soft media, the posing artist's model and mannequin, and models raised to finished artworks.
Model (person)
Model (person): a person who poses to advertise products in fashion, runway, editorial, commercial, and fit work. Covers casting standards, pay, history from Worth's live models, contractor status, AI replicas, and runway size data.
Model 302 telephone
The Model 302 telephone is a Western Electric desk telephone produced for the Bell System from 1937, the first with its ringer housed inside the set.
Model 500 telephone
The Model 500 is a rotary-dial desk telephone designed by Henry Dreyfuss and manufactured by Western Electric, introduced in 1949 as the standard Bell System desk telephone in North America.
Model Aeronautical Association of Australia
The Model Aeronautical Association of Australia is Australia's national governing body for aeromodelling, formed in Sydney in 1948 and recognized by CASA, with more than 9,500 members in over 330 clubs.
Model aircraft
A model aircraft, also called a model airplane or model plane, is a small unmanned flying machine built for recreation, competition, education, or aerodynamic research.
Model calligraphy copybooks
Model calligraphy copybooks, known as fatie (法帖) in Chinese, are albums of rubbings taken from calligraphy of past masters engraved in intaglio on stone or wood, made as models for copying.
Model cards
A model card is a short document reporting a machine learning model's intended use, performance, and limitations, proposed by Margaret Mitchell and colleagues in 2018.
Model category
A model category is a category with three classes of morphisms, weak equivalences, fibrations, and cofibrations, introduced by Daniel Quillen in 1967 as an axiomatic framework for homotopy theory.
Model Charter of the Agricultural Artel
The Model Charter of the Agricultural Artel (Примерный устав сельскохозяйственной артели) is the basic Soviet act governing collective farms, approved on 17 February 1935 and covering land, household plots, and payment in labor-days.
Model checking
Model checking is a formal verification technique that automatically checks whether a finite model of a system satisfies a temporal logic property, producing counterexamples on failure.
Model Code of Conduct
India's Model Code of Conduct (MCC) is a non-statutory set of election-behavior norms agreed with political parties and enforced by the Election Commission under Article 324, triggered by schedule announcement, restricting the ruling party's use of state machinery.
Model collapse
Model collapse, also called AI cannibalism, is a process in which generative models trained on their own output progressively lose the rarest parts of the original data distribution.
Model companion
A model companion of a first-order theory T is a model complete theory whose models each embed in models of T and vice versa, introduced by Abraham Robinson.
Model Context Protocol
The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an open standard released by Anthropic in 2024 that connects AI applications to external tools and data sources, adopted by OpenAI, Google DeepMind, and Microsoft.
Model distillation
Model distillation is a machine learning technique in which a small student model is trained to match a larger teacher's outputs, retaining over 95% of its performance.
Model editing (machine learning)
Model editing is a family of techniques that make targeted changes to a trained machine learning model's parameters or behavior without retraining it from scratch.
Model extraction attack
A model extraction attack is a privacy attack in which an adversary queries a machine learning model and trains a substitute that reproduces its behavior, per NIST.
Model F keyboard
The Model F, also known as the IBM Model F, is a family of IBM keyboards, made from 1981, best known as the keyboard of the original IBM PC.
Model for End-stage Liver Disease score
The Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score predicts three-month mortality in chronic liver disease from three blood tests, and has prioritized US liver transplant candidates since 2002.
Model for Prediction Across Scales
The Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) is a modeling framework developed by NCAR and Los Alamos National Laboratory, using variable-resolution Voronoi meshes for weather and climate simulation.
Model gating
Model gating is the practice of requiring users to accept terms, and often share contact details, before downloading a model's weights, pioneered by Meta's gated LLaMA release in 2023.
Model M keyboard
The Model M, also known as the IBM Model M or IBM Enhanced Keyboard, is a buckling spring keyboard designed by IBM in 1985 and still made by Unicomp.
Model merging
Model merging is a post-training technique that combines the weight tensors of several fine-tuned models sharing the same base model into a single model, blending their capabilities without further training.
Model minority
The model minority is a stereotype portraying Asian Americans as uniformly high-achieving, hardworking, and successful in math and science. Originating in 1966 media coverage, it obscures intra-group disparities and has been used against other communities of color.