All articles starting with N
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Nation state
Nation state: a sovereign state whose territory matches a nation, a people sharing common culture and identity. Distinguished from multinational states and stateless nations; defined by Westphalian sovereignty and the 1933 Montevideo statehood criteria.
Nation-building
Nation-building: the process of making state boundaries congruent with a national community, distinct from state-building (institutions). Covers imagined communities, postcolonial lag, education and identity policies, and external intervention outcomes.
Nation-roster formation at the early Paralympics (1948–1980)
Nation-roster formation at the early Paralympics traces how a 1948 archery contest between two British hospital teams grew into a Games of more than 40 national delegations by 1980.
Nation's Dumbest
Nation's Dumbest is an American celebrity game show that premiered on FOX in July 2026, hosted by Jack Whitehall, in which twelve celebrities compete to be eliminated.
Nation's First Love (국민 첫사랑)
Nation's First Love (국민 첫사랑) is an unofficial Korean celebrity nickname for a star embodying innocent first love, held by Im Ye-jin, Jun Ji-hyun, Son Ye-jin, and above all Bae Suzy, who earned it via the 2012 film Architecture 101.
National academies in Asia, Africa and other regions
National academies in Asia, Africa, and other regions are small elected scholarly bodies that honor leading scientists, advise governments, and in some states operate research institutes.
National academies in Europe
National academies in Europe: self-governing scholarly bodies from the Accademia dei Lincei (1603), Royal Society (1662), and Académie des sciences (1666) onward, now federated through ALLEA, EASAC, and SAPEA for science advice.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) is a private nonprofit in Washington, DC, chartered by Congress in 1863 to advise the United States on science, engineering, and medicine.
National Academies Press
National Academies Press (NAP), publisher of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, issues over 200 books yearly and offers more than 8,500 report PDFs free, plus Joseph Henry Press trade books and paid eBooks since 2017.
National academy
A national academy is an independent body of elected scientists or scholars, usually recognized in national legislation, that advises government and represents the country's scientific community.
National Academy of Engineering
National Academy of Engineering (NAE): US honorific engineering organization founded December 1964 under the NAS charter; autonomous member election; advises federal government with NAS; president since 2025, Tsu-Jae Liu.
National Academy of Engineering of Korea
The National Academy of Engineering of Korea (NAEK) is South Korea's national academy for engineering, founded in 1996 to elect distinguished engineers and advise the government.
National Academy of Medical Sciences
National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS), चिकित्सा विज्ञान राष्ट्रिय प्रतिष्ठान, is Nepal's deemed-university medical academy in Kathmandu, created from Bir Hospital in 2002, training MD/MS and DM/MCh specialists at Bir Hospital and affiliated federal hospitals.
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine (Національна академія медичних наук України), founded 24 February 1993, Ukraine's highest medical research body: 35 institutes, 45 academicians, clinics with over 7,000 beds, now reorganizing into state non-profit enterprises by April 2027.
National Academy of Medicine
The National Academy of Medicine (NAM), formerly the Institute of Medicine (IOM), founded 1970, renamed July 1, 2015, is one of three U.S. National Academies advising on health, with 2,400+ elected members.
National Academy of Medicine membership
National Academy of Medicine membership is among the highest honors in health and medicine, with new members elected annually by the existing membership of more than 2,500.
National Academy of Sciences
The National Academy of Sciences (NAS), founded by Congress under Lincoln on March 3, 1863, is a private nonprofit society of elected scholars advising the U.S. government on science; president Neil H. Shubin since July 1, 2026.
National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (Belarusian: НАНБ) is the highest state scientific organization of Belarus, founded in Minsk in 1929 as the Belarusian Academy of Sciences.
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Національна академія наук України), founded November 27, 1918 in Kyiv with Vernadsky as first president; supreme self-governing state scientific organization with 3 sections, 14 departments, and 159 research institutions.
National Academy of the Jin dynasty
The National Academy of the Jin dynasty, or Guozi Jian, was the central school administration of the Jin dynasty, established in 1151 under Hai Lingwang.
National Accord and Reconciliation Act
The National Accord and Reconciliation Act is a Kenyan law of 2008 that created a prime minister and a Grand Coalition government to end the post-election crisis.
National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories
The National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) is a board of the Quality Council of India that accredits testing, calibration, and medical laboratories in India and abroad.
National Action (UK)
National Action was a British neo-Nazi terrorist group founded in 2013 by Alex Davies and Ben Raymond; proscribed under the Terrorism Act 2000 on 16 December 2016, it was the first far-right group banned in the UK, after celebrating Jo Cox's murder.
National Action Bloc
The National Action Bloc (Arabic: Kutlat al-'Amal al-Watani), also called the Comité d'Action Marocaine, was the first Moroccan political party, founded in 1934 under the French protectorate.
National Action Party (Mexico)
National Action Party (Partido Acción Nacional, PAN), Mexican center-right Christian-democratic party founded in 1939 by Manuel Gómez Morín; governed 2000–2012 under Fox and Calderón; main opposition to Morena under Jorge Romero.
National Adult Reading Test
The National Adult Reading Test (NART) is a neuropsychological test that estimates premorbid intelligence from reading 50 irregularly spelled English words aloud, and is widely used in dementia research.
National Advancement Party
The National Advancement Party (Partido de Avanzada Nacional, PAN) is a Guatemalan center-right party, founded by Álvaro Arzú in 1989, governing from 1996 to 2000.
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) was a US federal agency founded in 1915 to promote aeronautical research; its laboratories became NASA on October 1, 1958.
National aerodrome registries outside IATA and ICAO
A national aerodrome registry is an official record kept by a country's aviation authorities of its airports, covering identifiers, licensing, and aerodromes the international systems ignore.
National Aeronautic Association
The National Aeronautic Association, founded in 1905 as the Aero Club of America, is the United States authority certifying national aviation and space records and awarding the Collier Trophy.