All articles starting with N
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National Defence Academy (India)
National Defence Academy (NDA), Khadakwasla, Pune: India's tri-service officer training academy, first in the world to train Army, Navy, and Air Force cadets jointly; founded 1949, JNU degrees, women admitted from 2022.
National Defense Authorization Act
National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA): annual U.S. defense policy bill by the House and Senate Armed Services Committees authorizing DOD and DOE defense appropriations without providing budget authority; 64 consecutive years enacted through FY2025.
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026
The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 is a U.S. federal law enacted in 2025 that funds the Department of Defense and sets military personnel strengths.
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027
FY2027 NDAA: proposed U.S. law (H.R. 8800; S. 4784), the 66th annual defense authorization, would fund $1.15 trillion for fiscal 2027; passed the House 216-212 in July 2026 but stalled in the Senate after a 50-46 cloture failure over the Iran war.
National Defense Reserve Fleet
The National Defense Reserve Fleet (NDRF) is a U.S. Maritime Administration fleet of about 100 inactive government-owned merchant ships kept as a reserve, established in 1946.
National Defense Service Medal
National Defense Service Medal (NDSM), a U.S. service medal established by Executive Order 10448 on April 22, 1953, awarded for honorable active service in four periods: Korea, Vietnam, the Persian Gulf crisis, and the Global War on Terrorism, with bronze service stars for repeat periods.
National Defense Women's Association
The National Defense Women's Association (Kokubō Fujinkai) was a Japanese wartime women's organization founded in Osaka in 1932 under Army sponsorship, mobilizing housewives in white cooking smocks.
National delimitation of Central Asia
The national delimitation of Central Asia, also called the national-territorial delimitation, was the 1924 Soviet reorganization that replaced the republics of Turkestan, Bukhara, and Khorezm with national republics.
National Democracy
National Democracy (Narodowa Demokracja), commonly abbreviated to Endecja, was a Polish nationalist political movement created and dominated by Roman Dmowski, strongest on the interwar right.
National Democratic Alliance (राष्ट्रीय जनतांत्रिक गठबंधन)
The National Democratic Alliance (NDA; राष्ट्रीय जनतांत्रिक गठबंधन) is a right-leaning coalition of parties in India, led by the BJP and formed in 1998 to oppose Congress.
National Democratic Alliance Army
The National Democratic Alliance Army (NDAA) is an ethnic armed organization based in Mong La, eastern Shan State, Myanmar, formed in 1989 after breaking from the Communist Party of Burma.
National Democratic Coalition (Nigeria)
The National Democratic Coalition (NADECO) is a Nigerian pro-democracy organization formed on 15 May 1994 to demand restoration of the annulled 1993 election and an end to military rule.
National Democratic Congress (Ghana)
National Democratic Congress (NDC), Ghanaian social democratic party founded 1992, rooted in Nkrumah's socialist tradition; one of two dominant parties with the NPP, winning the presidency in 1992, 1996, 2008, 2012, and 2024 under John Mahama.
National Democratic Force
The National Democratic Force (NDF) is a political party in Myanmar founded in 2010 by former NLD members who contested the 2010 election; it was dissolved in September 2025.
National Democratic Front (Burma)
The National Democratic Front (NDF) was an alliance of ethnic minority armed organizations in Burma, formed in May 1976 to campaign for a federal union.
National Democratic Institute
National Democratic Institute (NDI), or National Democratic Institute for International Affairs: American nonprofit founded 1983 as one of NED's four core institutes; nonpartisan with loose Democratic Party ties; democracy assistance in 150+ countries, funded mainly by NED, USAID, and the State Department.
National Democratic Party (الحزب الوطني الديمقراطي) (Egypt)
The National Democratic Party (الحزب الوطني الديمقراطي, NDP) was Egypt's ruling party from 1978 to 2011, founded by Anwar Sadat and dominated by Hosni Mubarak until the 2011 revolution ended its rule.
National Democratic Party of Germany
The National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD, since 2023 Die Heimat) is a far-right party founded in 1964. Survived two ban attempts, confirmed anti-constitutional in 2017, and was excluded from state funding for six years in 2024.
National Democratic Party of Germany (2023)
National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD), renamed Die Heimat in June 2023: far-right German party founded 1964, excluded from state party financing for six years by the Federal Constitutional Court in January 2024; a separate NPD re-registered in 2024.
National Democratic Union (Brazil)
The National Democratic Union (União Democrática Nacional, UDN) was a Brazilian political party founded in 1945, opposed to Vargas and dissolved by the military government in 1965.
National Department of Transport Infrastructure
The National Department of Transport Infrastructure (Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transportes, DNIT) is Brazil's federal agency for land and waterway transport infrastructure, created in 2001 and headquartered in Brasília.
National Design Studio
The National Design Studio is a White House office established by President Donald Trump in August 2025 to improve federal digital and physical services, led by Airbnb co-founder Joe Gebbia.
National Development and Reform Commission
The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC, 国家发展和改革委员会) is China's powerful economic planning ministry, formed in 2003, which approves major projects, sets state-regulated prices, and drafts national development plans.
National Development Council (India)
The National Development Council (Rashtriya Vikas Parishad) is an extra-constitutional Indian advisory body, created in 1952, that approved the Five-Year Plans and met 57 times before falling into disuse after 2015.
National Development Fund of Iran (NDFI)
The National Development Fund of Iran (صندوق توسعه ملی ایران) is Iran's sovereign wealth fund, created in 2011 to convert oil and gas revenues into durable wealth.
National Diet (国会)
The National Diet (国会, Kokkai) is Japan's bicameral national legislature, created in 1947 with a House of Representatives and House of Councillors, successor to the Imperial Diet, and Japan's sole law-making organ under Article 41.
National Diet Building (国会議事堂)
The National Diet Building (国会議事堂, Kokkai-gijidō) is Japan's parliament building in Nagatachō, Tokyo, completed in 1936 after a 1918 design competition won by Watanabe Fukuzo; granite-faced steel-reinforced concrete with a 65.45 m central tower housing both Diet chambers.
National Diet Library (国立国会図書館)
The National Diet Library (国立国会図書館, Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan) is the national library of Japan, founded in 1948 in Tokyo to serve the National Diet, government agencies, and the public.
National Digital Newspaper Program
National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP): NEH-Library of Congress partnership digitizing historic U.S. newspapers (1690-1963, originally 1836-1922) into the free Chronicling America database; ~100,000 pages per two-year state award, over 16 million pages digitized.
National diplomatic styles
A national diplomatic style is a state's characteristic way of conducting diplomacy, covering negotiating behavior, envoys, language, and treaty instruments, shaped by the French system of the 17th and 18th centuries.