All articles starting with N

Necropolis

Necropolis (Greek nekros + polis, city of the dead): a large ancient burial ground, usually extramural, of an old city. Covers terminology, archaeological use, and examples such as Cerveteri, Tarquinia, Memphis, and Cairo's City of the Dead.

Necropolis at Archontiko

Necropolis at Archontiko (Pella, Macedonia): group of Iron Age to Hellenistic cemeteries around a settlement mound 5 km NW of Pella, possibly ancient Tyrissa; its West Necropolis holds over 1,000 excavated graves with gold-masked 6th-century BC elite burials.

Necropolis of Anghelu Ruju

Necropolis of Anghelu Ruju: prehistoric hypogeic cemetery of 38 domus de janas near Alghero, Sardinia; largest pre-Nuragic necropolis of northern Sardinia, used 3200-1600 BC, UNESCO-listed 2025.

Necropolis of Campovalano

Necropolis of Campovalano (Necropoli di Campovalano), pre-Roman Pretuzian burial ground near Campli, Teramo, Abruzzo; over 600 tombs used from the 10th century BC to the early 2nd century BC, with stone-circle tumulus tombs, chariots, and Etruscan-import bronze vessels.

Necropolis of Kerkouane

The Necropolis of Kerkouane is the Punic burial ground of the town of Kerkuane at Cap Bon, northeast Tunisia, in use from the 6th to the mid-3rd century BC.

Necropolis of Monte Luna

The Necropolis of Monte Luna is a Punic burial ground near Senorbì in southern Sardinia, in use from the 6th century BCE into the Roman era.

Necropolis of Pantalica

The Necropolis of Pantalica is a prehistoric rock-cut cemetery in southeast Sicily near Syracuse, with over 5,000 chamber tombs dating mainly from the 13th to 7th centuries BC.

Necropolis of Ponte Messato

Necropolis of Ponte Messato (Necropoli di Ponte Messato), also called Madonna della Cona: pre-Roman and Roman burial ground in Teramo, Abruzzo, in use from the 9th century BC to the imperial age along the ancient Via Caecilia; discovered 1961, with Italic inhumation and Roman cremation phases.

Necropolis of Porta Ercolano

The Necropolis of Porta Ercolano is the funerary district of ancient Pompeii outside the Herculaneum Gate, holding tombs of aristocratic citizens, including the schola tomb of the priestess Mamia.

Necropolis of Porta Nola

Necropolis of Porta Nola (Necropoli di Porta Nola), Roman cemetery outside Pompeii's eastern gate. Schola tombs of Aesquilia Polla, enclosure of Marcus Obellius Firmus, four Praetorian graves, and 79 AD eruption fugitive casts.

Necropolis of Porta Vesuvio

Necropolis of Porta Vesuvio, the Roman burial ground outside Pompeii's Vesuvius Gate along the road to Mount Vesuvius, excavated 1907–1910, with elite monumental tombs including the painted tomb of Vestorius Priscus.

Necropolis of Pupput

The Necropolis of Pupput is the principal Roman burial ground of the Roman city of Pupput, near modern Hammamet, Tunisia, with nearly 1,300 tombs in about seventy family enclosures.

Necropolis of Santa Maria in Borraccia

Necropoli di Santa Maria in Borraccia: Etruscan necropolis of the 7th-6th century BC at Magliano in Toscana, Grosseto, Tuscany, near ancient Heba; chamber tombs with dromos, visitor route opened 2024.

Necropolis of the Rabs

The Necropolis of the Rabs (Nécropole des Rabs) is a Punic-era cemetery at Carthage, Tunisia, near the hill of Sainte-Monique, named for the title rab borne by many buried there.

Necroptosis

Necroptosis: regulated, caspase-independent lytic cell death driven by the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL pathway, triggered by TNF, TLR3/4, or ZBP1 when caspase-8 is blocked; inflammatory, term coined 2005, implicated in ischemic, neurodegenerative, and infectious disease.

Sep 29, 2026

Necrosectomy

Necrosectomy is the removal of dead tissue, most often necrotic pancreatic and peripancreatic tissue in severe necrotizing pancreatitis, now usually done by a minimally invasive step-up approach starting with drainage.

Necrosis

Necrosis, also called necrotic tissue or tissue necrosis, is the irreversible death of cells from injury, infection, or lost blood supply; widespread tissue death is called gangrene.

Necrosis inducing protein-1

Necrosis inducing protein-1 (Nep1, NEP1) is a 24-kDa Fusarium oxysporum protein causing necrosis and ethylene production in dicot plants; namesake of the Nep1-like protein (NLP) effector family in bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes.

Necrosis of artery

Necrosis of artery (ICD-11 BD52.4) is death of arterial wall tissue, usually from necrotizing vasculitis such as polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki disease, or ANCA-associated vasculitis, marked histologically by fibrinoid necrosis.

Necrosis of pulp

Necrosis of pulp (pulp necrosis, nonvital tooth, ICD-11 DA09.1) is death of the dental pulp, usually from bacterial infection via caries or trauma; diagnosed by absent pulp-test response and treated by root canal treatment.

Necrotising hepatopancreatitis

Necrotising hepatopancreatitis (NHP), also called Texas pond mortality syndrome, is a WOAH-listed shrimp disease caused by the intracellular bacterium Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei, first recognized in Texas in 1985, killing up to 90-95% of farmed Penaeus vannamei under high temperature and salinity.

Necrotising periodontal diseases

Necrotising periodontal diseases (NPDs), also called necrotizing gingivitis, periodontitis, stomatitis, and noma, are acute necrotizing oral infections with pain, bleeding, and rapid tissue destruction in predisposed, often immunocompromised hosts.

Necrotising ulcerative gingivitis

Necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (NUG, ANUG, Vincent's infection, trench mouth) is an acute polymicrobial gum infection with rapid-onset pain, interdental papilla necrosis, and bleeding, linked to stress, malnutrition, smoking, poor hygiene, and HIV.

Necrotising ulcerative periodontitis

Necrotising ulcerative periodontitis (NUP), now necrotizing periodontitis, an acute necrotizing periodontal disease causing rapid attachment and bone loss in immunocompromised patients, classified ICD-11 DA0C.30.

Necrotizing enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is inflammatory bowel necrosis mainly in preterm, very low birth weight infants; incidence up to 22% under 1,000 g, mortality about 25% (35% surgical), driven by dysbiosis, immaturity, and feeding.

Necrotizing fasciitis

Necrotizing fasciitis, the flesh-eating disease, is a rapidly progressive bacterial infection destroying fascia and soft tissue, usually group A strep; treatment is urgent debridement plus penicillin and clindamycin, mortality 15–20%.

Necrotizing soft tissue infection

Necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) is a rapidly progressing infection in which skin, fascia, or muscle dies, requiring urgent surgical debridement; it kills 20 to 35 percent of patients.

Nectanebo I

Nectanebo I, also known as Nakhtnebef, was a pharaoh of Egypt and founder of the Thirtieth Dynasty, the last ruled by native Egyptians, reigning from roughly 380 to 362 BC.

Nectanebo II

Nectanebo II (Nakhthorhebyt, Nectanebos), last pharaoh of Egypt's Thirtieth Dynasty and last native ruler of independent Egypt (359/358-342/341 BCE); gained throne by coup against Teos, repelled Persia in 351, fell to Artaxerxes III in 343 and fled to Nubia.