All articles starting with N

Neftyanye Kamni

Neftyanye Kamni (Neft Daşları, "Oil Rocks") is an offshore oil field and settlement in the Caspian Sea off Azerbaijan, site of the first commercial offshore oil production in open sea.

Negabinary

Negabinary is a positional numeral system with base −2, using digits 0 and 1, in which every positive and negative integer has a unique sign-free representation.

Negan

Negan is the Saviors' leader in The Walking Dead comics (debut issue #100), wielding the bat Lucille, named for his wife; played by Jeffrey Dean Morgan on AMC, later in Dead City.

Negara Dipa

Negara Dipa, also written Nagara Dipa, was the first kingdom in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, in the Hikayat Banjar chronicle: a Hindu court at Amuntai that preceded Negara Daha.

Negaraku is Malaysia's national anthem since 31 August 1957, adopted from the Perak state anthem derived from the song Terang Bulan; selected 5 August 1957, governed by the National Anthem Act 1968 (Act 808), with tempo changes in 1992 and 2003.

Negasonic Teenage Warhead

Negasonic Teenage Warhead (Ellie Phimister) is a Marvel Comics mutant created by Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely in New X-Men #115 (2001), named after a Monster Magnet song, killed on Genosha, and reinvented after Brianna Hildebrand's explosive-powered film portrayal in Deadpool.

Negasso Gidada

Negasso Gidada Solon (Amharic: ነጋሶ ጊዳዳ) was an Ethiopian politician and historian who served as the first president of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia from 1995 to 2001.

Negation

Negation: the operation replacing a proposition by its opposite, in logic a one-place truth-functional connective (¬) and in language the expression of semantic opposition; classical, intuitionistic, paraconsistent, and strong negations differ over excluded middle, double negation, and explosion.

Negative (photography)

A photographic negative is a tonally and chromatically reversed master image on paper, glass, or film, invented in Talbot's 1835 paper negatives, from which multiple positive prints are made; bases evolved through nitrate, acetate, and polyester.

Oct 21, 2026

Negative affectivity

Negative affectivity, also called negative emotionality or neuroticism, is the trait tendency to experience distressing emotions like anxiety, anger, and depression; an ICD-11 personality trait domain (6D11.0) and DSM-5 AMPD domain.

Negative and positive rights

Negative and positive rights classify rights by their duties: negative rights require others to refrain from acting, positive rights require action or provision. Rooted in Isaiah Berlin's 1958 Two Concepts of Liberty distinction between negative and positive liberty, the categories map onto civil-political versus socio-economic rights but face strong interdependence objections.

Negative bias temperature instability

Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is a degradation phenomenon in p-channel MOS transistors in which negative gate bias at elevated temperature shifts the threshold voltage.

Negative binomial distribution

The negative binomial distribution, also called the Pascal distribution, is a discrete distribution counting failures before a fixed number of successes, widely used for overdispersed count data.

Sep 29, 2026

Negative binomial model

The negative binomial model is a statistical model that uses the negative binomial distribution for count data whose variance exceeds its mean, underlying count regression and RNA-seq differential expression tests.

Sep 29, 2026

Negative binomial regression

Negative binomial regression is a regression method for count outcomes whose variance exceeds their mean, derived as a Poisson–gamma mixture and widely used in econometrics and RNA-seq analysis.

Negative capability

Negative capability, a phrase John Keats coined once in a December 1817 letter to his brothers, names the capacity to rest in uncertainties, mysteries, and doubts; later adopted by psychoanalysis (Bion), leadership studies, and education research.

Negative capacitance

Negative capacitance is a regime in which a device's effective capacitance is negative, so increasing charge lowers voltage, enabling voltage amplification; proposed by Salahuddin and Datta in 2008 for low-power ferroelectric transistors (NC-FETs).

Negative capacitance field-effect transistor

The negative capacitance field-effect transistor (NC-FET), proposed by Sayeef Salahuddin and Supriyo Datta in 2008, is a low-power MOSFET with a ferroelectric gate layer aimed at beating the Boltzmann limit.

Negative capacitance in ferroelectric HfZrO

Negative capacitance in ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 is a regime where the ferroelectric's voltage decreases as stored charge rises, amplifying gate voltage to push transistors below the 60 mV/decade limit.

Negative capacitance in ferroelectrics

Negative capacitance in ferroelectrics is an unstable regime where falling voltage means rising stored charge, stabilized by a series dielectric and proposed in 2008 for transistors switching below the 60 mV/decade limit.

Negative compressibility

Negative compressibility is a mechanical response in which a material expands rather than shrinks under increasing pressure, achieved in metamaterials and used in actuators and sensors.

Negative compressibility metamaterial

A metamaterial with negative compressibility is an architected solid that expands under hydrostatic pressure, the opposite of ordinary materials, through designed internal structure rather than composition.

Negative control

A negative control is a test condition in which a null result is expected, so any signal that appears must come from factors other than the effect under study.

Negative differential resistance

Negative differential resistance is the phenomenon in which current through a device falls as applied voltage rises, enabling oscillation, switching, and amplification in tunnel diodes.

Negative energy

Negative energy in classical mechanics is the negative gravitational potential energy, U = -GMm/r, taken when zero is placed at infinite separation; it signals that masses are gravitationally bound.

Oct 10, 2026

Negative externality

A negative externality is a cost of a producer's or consumer's activity that falls on uncompensated third parties, so markets overproduce; pollution is the standard case.

Negative feedback

Negative feedback is a control arrangement in which part of a system's output is returned to the input in opposition, holding the output near a target value.

Negative gas adsorption

Negative gas adsorption is a counterintuitive phenomenon where a porous solid spontaneously releases gas as pressure rises, first observed in 2015 in the metal-organic framework DUT-49 with methane.

Negative income tax

A negative income tax delivers income support through the tax system, with benefits shrinking as earnings rise; Milton Friedman proposed it in 1962, and five experiments tested it by 1980.