All articles starting with N
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Nickel Plate Road
Nickel Plate Road, formally the New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad, was an American railroad running from Buffalo to Chicago from 1881 until its 1964 merger into the Norfolk & Western.
Nickel plating
Nickel plating is a surface-treatment process that deposits nickel onto a substrate by electrolysis or chemical reduction, providing corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and a bright or functional finish.
Nickel silver
Nickel silver, also known as German silver, is a copper-nickel-zinc alloy with a silvery-white color but no silver content, used in silver-plated cutlery, musical instruments, and electrical springs.
Nickel sulfate
Nickel sulfate (NiSO₄) is the water-soluble nickel(II) salt of sulfuric acid, sold mainly as blue-green crystalline hydrates and used in electroplating, nickel-cadmium batteries, and other nickel compounds.
Nickel sulfide
Nickel sulfide (NiS) is a dark green to black inorganic compound of nickel and sulfur that occurs as the mineral millerite and causes spontaneous breakage in tempered glass.
Nickel tetracarbonyl
Nickel tetracarbonyl, commonly called nickel carbonyl, is a colorless, volatile, highly toxic liquid of formula Ni(CO)4 discovered by Ludwig Mond in 1890, best known as the intermediate of the Mond process for refining high-purity nickel.
Nickel titanium
Nickel titanium, known by the trade name nitinol, is a near-equiatomic nickel-titanium alloy that shows shape memory and superelasticity, used in coronary stents and orthodontic archwires.
Nickel zinc ferrite
Nickel zinc ferrite is a soft magnetic ceramic, Ni₁₋ₓZnₓFe₂O₄, with very high electrical resistivity, used in radio-frequency components such as EMI suppression beads and RF inductors.
Nickel-catalyzed alkene dicarbofunctionalization
Nickel-catalyzed alkene dicarbofunctionalization, also known as conjunctive cross-coupling, is a family of organic reactions installing two carbon-based fragments across an alkene's double bond to form two C–C bonds in one operation.
Nickel-catalyzed C–H functionalization
Nickel-catalyzed C–H functionalization is a set of organic synthesis methods in which nickel complexes convert carbon–hydrogen bonds directly into carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bonds, a low-cost alternative to palladium first demonstrated in 1963.
Nickel-catalyzed C–O activation of aryl esters in cross-coupling
Nickel-catalyzed C–O activation of aryl esters is a cross-coupling strategy in which nickel cleaves an ester's aryl–oxygen bond, established independently by Garg and Shi in 2008.
Nickel-catalyzed C–O cross-coupling
Nickel-catalyzed C–O cross-coupling is a family of reactions in which a nickel catalyst cleaves carbon–oxygen bonds in aryl ethers, esters, and related phenol derivatives to form new bonds.
Nickel-catalyzed carboxylation with CO2
Nickel-catalyzed carboxylation with CO2 is a family of reactions using nickel catalysts and carbon dioxide to convert organic halides, alkenes, and C–H bonds into carboxylic acids.
Nickel-catalyzed coupling of alcohols via photoredox
Nickel-catalyzed coupling of alcohols via photoredox, often called metallaphotoredox catalysis, combines a visible-light photocatalyst with nickel to form carbon–carbon and carbon–oxygen bonds from alcohols under mild conditions.
Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling
Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling is a family of organic synthesis reactions in which a nickel catalyst joins two coupling partners, forming carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bonds; first reported in 1972.
Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of esters via C–O activation
Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of esters via C–O activation is a family of organic reactions in which a nickel catalyst cleaves an ester's C–O bond to form a carbon–carbon bond.
Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of tertiary alkyl electrophiles
Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of tertiary alkyl electrophiles is a family of reactions in which nickel catalysts join sterically hindered tertiary alkyl halides to partners, often forging all-carbon quaternary stereocenters.
Nickel-catalyzed cyanation
Nickel-catalyzed cyanation is a family of organic reactions in which a nickel catalyst installs a cyano group onto organic molecules, first reported by the Cassar group in 1973.
Nickel-catalyzed decarbonylative functionalization of amides
Nickel-catalyzed decarbonylative functionalization of amides is a set of organic reactions in which a nickel catalyst cleaves an amide's carbon-nitrogen bond and forms new carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds.
Nickel-catalyzed enantioconvergent cross-coupling
Enantioconvergent nickel cross-coupling of racemic electrophiles is a family of catalytic reactions in which a chiral nickel catalyst converts both enantiomers of a racemic electrophile into one enantiomer.
Nickel-catalyzed enantioselective reductive cross-coupling
Nickel-catalyzed enantioselective reductive cross-coupling is a carbon–carbon bond-forming reaction in which a chiral nickel catalyst joins two electrophiles using a terminal reductant, first reported stereoconvergently in 2013.
Nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-electrophile coupling
Nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling, also called cross-electrophile coupling, is a carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction where a nickel catalyst joins two organic electrophiles, such as two halides, under reducing conditions, without needing organometallic reagents.
Nickel-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of amides
A cross-coupling reaction in which a nickel catalyst cleaves the carbon–nitrogen bond of an amide and couples it with an organoboron reagent, converting amides into biaryl ketones.
Nickel-catalyzed β-carbon elimination
Nickel-catalyzed β-carbon elimination is an organometallic reaction step in which a carbon–carbon bond β to a nickel–carbon bond breaks, the analog of β-hydride elimination, prominently opening strained rings like cyclobutanones.
Nickel-iron layered double hydroxide
Nickel-iron layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) is a two-dimensional layered material of nickel hydroxide sheets containing trivalent iron, serving as one of the most active earth-abundant electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution in alkaline water electrolysis.
Nickel-molybdenum catalyst
A nickel-molybdenum (Ni-Mo) catalyst is a non-precious metal electrocatalyst, usually an alloy, used to speed the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline water electrolysis as a cheaper alternative to platinum-group cathodes.
Nickel-rich cathode
A nickel-rich cathode is a layered oxide positive electrode for lithium-ion batteries, typically NCM or NCA, where nickel content above 80% raises energy density while reducing costly cobalt.
Nickel-rich NCM 811 cathodes
Nickel-rich NCM 811 cathodes are a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathode material, LiNi₀.₈Co₀.₁Mn₀.₁O₂, used in electric-vehicle batteries since about 2019 for high energy density despite faster degradation and weaker thermal stability.
Nickel-YSZ electrode
A nickel-YSZ electrode is a composite of metallic nickel and a porous yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic that serves as the fuel electrode in solid oxide fuel cells and electrolysis cells.
Nickel–cadmium battery
The nickel–cadmium battery, NiCd or Ni-Cd, is a rechargeable 1.2-volt battery invented in Sweden in 1899, once common in consumer electronics and still used in aviation.