All articles starting with N
16,460 articles
Nicolo Conti
Nicolo Conti (Nicolo de' Conti, c. 1395–1469) was a Venetian merchant who spent about 25 years traveling in southern Asia, reaching India, Burma, and Borneo.
Nicolò Fagioli
Nicolò Fagioli, born 2001 in Piacenza, Italian central midfielder; Juventus academy product, Cremonese loan, 2023 betting ban, Coppa Italia 2024, now Fiorentina and Italy international.
Nicolo Paccanari
Nicolo Paccanari (Niccolò Paccanari) was an Italian religious founder who established the Company of the Faith of Jesus in Rome in 1797 to preserve the suppressed Jesuits.
Nicolo Rizzuto
Nicolo (Nick) Rizzuto, born 1924 in Cattolica Eraclea, Sicily, founded the Rizzuto crime family that controlled Montreal's mafia from the 1980s; arrested in Project Colisée 2006, he was killed by a sniper at his Montreal home on 10 November 2010.
Nicolo Tartaglia
Nicolo Tartaglia, born Niccolo Fontana, was an Italian mathematician and engineer who solved a class of cubic equations and wrote the first printed treatise on ballistics.
Nicolò Zaniolo
Nicolò Zaniolo, born 1999 in Massa, is an Italian attacking midfielder/forward at Udinese. Ex-Inter youth, Roma star (Conference League 2022), Galatasaray (Süper Lig 2023), Villa, Atalanta, Fiorentina loans; 19 Italy caps; twice ACL-injured.
Nicomachean Ethics
Nicomachean Ethics (Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια), Aristotle's ten-book treatise on eudaimonia, virtue, and the golden mean, distinguished from the Eudemian Ethics by three shared common books and its discussions of politics and the philosophical life.
Nicomedia (Νικομήδεια)
Nicomedia (Νικομήδεια, also Nikomedeia) was an ancient city at the head of the Gulf of Nicomedia on the site of modern İzmit, Türkiye, founded around 264 BC by Nicomedes I of Bithynia.
Niconico (ニコニコ動画)
Niconico (ニコニコ動画, Nico Nico Douga), launched December 12, 2006 by Dwango (Kadokawa Group), is Japan's pioneering video site with danmaku bullet comments; origin of Vocaloid/Miku culture and Bilibili's model; hit by June 2024 ransomware, relaunched August 5, 2024.
Niconico Live
Niconico Live (ニコニコ生放送) is the live streaming service of Niconico, operated by Dwango and launched in Japan in December 2007, known for comments overlaid on the video.
Nicopolis ad Istrum
Nicopolis ad Istrum, a Roman city founded by Trajan c. AD 109 near Nikyup, Bulgaria, after the Dacian wars; Greek-speaking municipium with orthogonal plan and 30 ha, later a 5.6 ha late Roman castellum, destroyed by Avars c. 600.
Nicopolis ad Nestum/Ulpia Nicopolis
Nicopolis ad Nestum, also called Ulpia Nicopolis, was a Roman city in the Mesta River valley of southwestern Bulgaria, traditionally founded by Trajan in 106.
Nicor Gas
Nicor Gas, legally Northern Illinois Gas Company, is a natural gas distribution utility headquartered in Naperville, serving 2.3 million customers across northern Illinois as the state's largest gas distributor.
Nicorandil
Nicorandil (Ikorel) is a nicotinamide nitrate ester antianginal drug, a KATP channel opener and nitric oxide donor, EMA-approved but not FDA-approved, used second-line for stable angina and limited by ulceration risk.
Nicos A. Nicola
Nicos A. Nicola, born 1950 in Cyprus, is an Australian biochemist and cytokine biologist at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute in Melbourne who purified G-CSF and discovered SOCS proteins.
Nicos Christofides
Nicos Christofides (1942–2019) was a Cypriot-born computer scientist and Professor of Operational Research at Imperial College London, known for his 1976 approximation algorithm for the traveling salesman problem.
Nicosia (Λευκωσία)
Nicosia (Λευκωσία; Turkish: Lefkoşa) is the capital of Cyprus, the world's last divided capital since 1974, whose Greek and Turkish Cypriot sectors are separated by a UN buffer zone.
Nicosia Aqueduct
The Nicosia Aqueduct, also called the Silahtar Aqueduct, was an Ottoman conduit that carried water from the mountains north of Nicosia into the walled city, supplying street fountains.
Nicosulfuron
Nicosulfuron, a sulfonylurea ALS-inhibiting (WSSA Group 2) herbicide developed by Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, used post-emergence in maize against annual grasses; CAS 111991-09-4, C15H18N6O6S.
Nicotiana
Nicotiana (tobacco genus), Solanaceae flowering plants named for Jean Nicot; 60–109 species native to the Americas, Australia, and Namibia; source of nicotine, with polyploid species including N. tabacum and model plant N. benthamiana.
Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamiana, an Australian solanaceous model plant, is prized for viral susceptibility from a nonfunctional NbRDR1 gene, agroinfiltration and VIGS tools, and use as a biofactory for recombinant proteins and vaccines.
Nicotiana glauca
Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco, wild tobacco) is a South American Solanaceae shrub, 2–6 m tall, naturalized worldwide as a noxious weed; its leaves are dominated by toxic anabasine, causing fatal human and livestock poisoning.
Nicotiana glutinosa
Nicotiana glutinosa (glutinosa tobacco) is a viscid Andean Nicotiana species, Galapagos to W. Bolivia, described by Linnaeus 1753; source of the N gene for TMV resistance in commercial tobacco and a local-lesion indicator host.
Nicotiana rustica
Nicotiana rustica (Aztec tobacco, wild tobacco) is a South American allotetraploid tobacco species (2n=48, from N. paniculata and N. undulata) with 4–9.5% leaf nicotine, far stronger than N. tabacum, used for chewing tobacco, snuff, and nicotine extraction.
Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacum, common tobacco, is an allotetraploid Solanaceae herb (2n=48) from Bolivia, derived from N. sylvestris and N. tomentosiformis; the leading commercial tobacco species, grown for nicotine-rich cured leaves.
Nicotinamidase 1
Nicotinamidase 1 (PncA/Pnc1, EC 3.5.1.19) hydrolyzes nicotinamide to nicotinic acid and ammonia in the NAD salvage pathway of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and invertebrates; it is absent from mammals, activates the TB drug pyrazinamide, and is an antimicrobial target.
Nicotinamide
Nicotinamide (niacinamide), the amide form of vitamin B3, is an NAD+ precursor vitamin and drug: no flushing unlike nicotinic acid, used for pellagra (300 mg/day), skin cancer chemoprevention (500 mg twice daily), and dermatology.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH), a redox coenzyme and sirtuin/PARP/CD38 substrate central to energy metabolism, DNA repair, and aging research; oral precursors NR and NMN raise blood NAD but clinical benefit is unproven.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+/NADPH) is a phosphorylated electron-carrier coenzyme, made from NAD+ by NAD kinase. NADPH is the biosynthetic reductant and antioxidant cofactor, produced mainly by the pentose phosphate pathway and photosynthesis.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN, beta-NMN), a nucleotide NAD+ precursor made by NAMPT in the salvage pathway; dietary supplement studied in human trials for safety, NAD+ elevation, and antiaging effects.