All articles starting with N
16,460 articles
Nielsen–Ninomiya theorem
The Nielsen–Ninomiya theorem, proved by Holger Bech Nielsen and Masao Ninomiya in 1981, is a lattice field theory no-go theorem forcing fermion doublers on any local, chirally symmetric lattice formulation.
NielsenIQ
NielsenIQ is a consumer intelligence company measuring retail sales and consumer purchasing behavior, carved out of Nielsen in 2021 and combined with the German research firm GfK in 2023.
NIEM
NIEM, the National Information Exchange Model, is an open data vocabulary for machine-to-machine information exchange, launched in 2005 by US agencies and now holding over 20,000 harmonized data elements.
Niemann-Pick disease type C
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC, NPCD) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by NPC1 (95%) or NPC2 mutations, impairing intracellular cholesterol transport; it causes age-dependent ataxia, dementia, and early death, treated with miglustat, arimoclomol, and levacetylleucine.
Niemann–Pick disease
Niemann-Pick disease (NPD), also called sphingomyelinase deficiency, is a group of autosomal recessive lysosomal lipid storage disorders: types A/B from SMPD1 acid sphingomyelinase deficiency and type C from NPC1/NPC2 cholesterol-transport defects, treated with olipudase alfa, miglustat, arimoclomol, and levacetylleucine.
Niemberg
Niemberg is a village of about 1,470 people in the Saalekreis district of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, part of the town of Landsberg since 2010 and known for a Migration Period burial ground.
Nien Dak Sze
Nien Dak Sze is an atmospheric scientist who co-founded the research company Atmospheric and Environmental Research in 1977, known for work on stratospheric sulfur chemistry and ozone depletion.
Nier
Nier (NieR) is a Square Enix action RPG franchise by Yoko Taro, spun off from Drakengard; the 2010 original flopped, but NieR: Automata (PlatinumGames, 2017) sold over 10 million copies.
Nier Reincarnation
NieR Re[in]carnation (ニーア リィンカーネーション) was Square Enix and Applibot's free-to-play Nier mobile RPG, directed creatively by Yoko Taro with music by Keiichi Okabe, launched 2021, ended April 2024 after 15 million downloads.
Nier: Automata
Nier: Automata is a 2017 action role-playing game directed by Yoko Taro and developed by PlatinumGames. The game depicts androids fighting machine lifeforms on a far-future Earth.
Nier: Automata Ver1.1a (ニーア オートマタ Ver1.1a)
NieR:Automata Ver1.1a (ニーア オートマタ Ver1.1a) is a 24-episode A-1 Pictures TV anime adapting the 2017 NieR:Automata game, directed by Ryoji Masuyama with YOKO TARO co-writing, airing from January 2023.
Niereich
Niereich is the stage name of Peter Linsberger, an Austrian hard techno DJ and producer from Styria who has released more than 400 records since 2010.
Niesten (Martian crater)
Niesten is a 115-km-diameter impact crater on Mars at 28.02°S, 57.70°E on the northwest wall of Hellas basin, holding layered deposits banked against its northern rim, less eroded than Terby's.
Nieszawa Privileges
The Nieszawa Privileges (Przywileje cerekwicko-nieszawskie) were royal grants issued by King Casimir IV of Poland in 1454 during the Thirteen Years' War, requiring noble consent for new laws.
Nieuport
Nieuport (Société Anonyme des Établissements Nieuport), later Nieuport-Astra, was a French aircraft manufacturer founded in 1909, best known for its World War I sesquiplane fighters.
Nieuwe Waterweg
The Nieuwe Waterweg is the artificial mouth of the Rhine and Meuse rivers in South Holland, connecting the Port of Rotterdam to the North Sea since 1872.
Nieuwe Zakelijkheid
Nieuwe Zakelijkheid, meaning "New Objectivity," is the Dutch name for the interwar art movement Neue Sachlichkeit, coined in 1923 and influential in the Netherlands and Flanders.
Nieve Ella
Nieve Ella, born Nieve Ella Pickering in 2003, is an English indie and alt-pop singer from Albrighton, Shropshire. Three AWAL EPs led to the 2026 debut album How Long Will It Take? on Artist Theory, which reached UK No. 9.
NIF ignition
NIF ignition is the first controlled fusion experiment to produce more energy than its laser delivered, achieved at the National Ignition Facility in California on December 5, 2022.
NiFe oxyhydroxide water oxidation films
NiFe oxyhydroxide water oxidation films are thin nickel–iron (oxy)hydroxide electrodes, often written NiFe(O)OH, that form in situ during operation and catalyze oxygen evolution in alkaline water electrolysis for green hydrogen.
Nifedipine
Nifedipine, a first-generation Bayer dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (Adalat, Procardia), treats hypertension and angina; extended-release forms are preferred in pregnancy, immediate-release capsules are not for long-term use.
Nifekalant
Nifekalant (MS-551) is a class III antiarrhythmic drug, a selective IKr (HERG) potassium-channel blocker approved in Japan in 1999 for ventricular tachyarrhythmias and shock-resistant VF; used only in Japan, with QT prolongation and torsades de pointes as its main risk.
Nifelheim
Nifelheim is a Swedish black/thrash metal band formed in 1990 in Dals Långed by twin brothers Hellbutcher and Tyrant, a cult act of the early Swedish underground.
NiFeOx oxygen evolution catalyst
NiFeOx is a low-cost nickel-iron oxide or oxyhydroxide electrocatalyst that accelerates the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline water electrolysis, the leading earth-abundant alternative to IrO2 and RuO2 for hydrogen production.
NIFL Premiership
NIFL Premiership, also Sports Direct or BOYLE Sports Premiership, is Northern Ireland's top men's football league, run by NIFL since 2013, with 12 clubs, a post-split season, and the Gibson Cup title.
Niflumic Acid
Niflumic acid (NFA) is a fenamate-class NSAID acting by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, used clinically for pain and inflammation and in research as a chloride channel blocker.
Nifon I
Nifon I (Νίφων), who died in 1328, was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1310 to 1314, remembered for settling the Arsenite schism and confirming Mount Athos's privileges.
Nifon II
Nifon II (Greek Νήφων ὁ Β´; died 1508) was three times Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, later Metropolitan of Ungro-Wallachia, and is venerated as a saint.
Nifrel
NIFREL (ニフレル), interactive aquazoo in EXPOCITY, Suita, Osaka; opened November 19, 2015, produced by Kaiyukan; hybrid aquarium-zoo-art museum with eight themed zones, 2,400 yen adult admission, new Poison zone in 2026.
Niftawayh
Niftawayh was an Abbasid-era Arab grammarian, lexicographer, and expert on poetry and Qur'anic readings, a leading Zahiri jurist born at Wasit in 858 who died in Baghdad in 935.