All articles starting with N

Nitrocross

Nitrocross, originally Nitro Rallycross, was Travis Pastrana's American rallycross series (2021-2024) with jump-filled tracks and 1,000+ hp FC1-X electric cars; its 2024-25 season was paused in October 2024.

Nitroethane

Nitroethane is a colorless, oily nitroalkane liquid with the formula CH₃CH₂NO₂ and a fruity odor, used as a solvent and chemical intermediate and regulated in the United States as a DEA List I chemical.

Nitrofen

Nitrofen, also known as niclofen, is a diphenyl ether herbicide used from about 1964 to control weeds on food and ornamental crops until its 1980 withdrawal.

Nitrofurantoin

Nitrofurantoin, an oral nitrofuran antibiotic approved in the US in 1953, treats uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections. Activated by bacterial NfsA/NfsB nitroreductases, it damages multiple targets, giving low resistance; dosed 100 mg twice daily for 5-7 days.

Nitrofurazone

Nitrofurazone, also known as nitrofural, is a synthetic nitrofuran antibacterial drug applied topically to treat burns, skin grafts, and skin ulcers, in US use since 1944.

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7, a colorless, odorless gas that makes up 78 percent of Earth's atmosphere and is essential to all life.

Nitrogen assimilation

Nitrogen assimilation converts inorganic nitrate and ammonium into glutamine, glutamate, asparagine, and aspartate via nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, and the GS–GOGAT cycle, with GDH mainly catabolic; covers stoichiometry, regulation, microbial routes, and NUE.

Nitrogen atom insertion into aryl C–C bonds

Nitrogen atom insertion into aryl C–C bonds is a skeletal editing reaction that inserts a single nitrogen atom between adjacent carbons of an aromatic ring, expanding it into a nitrogen heterocycle.

Nitrogen atom insertion into C–C bonds

Nitrogen atom insertion into C–C bonds is a skeletal-editing strategy in organic synthesis that installs a nitrogen atom into an existing carbon–carbon bond, converting carbocycles into nitrogen-containing rings.

Nitrogen cycle

Nitrogen cycle: biogeochemical conversion of inert atmospheric N2 (78% of air) into reactive nitrogen via microbial fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and anammox; Haber-Bosch (1909/1913) now creates ~210 Tg N/yr, transgressing the 62 Tg planetary boundary.

Nitrogen deficiency

Nitrogen deficiency, a plant nutritional disorder from low nitrogen supply, causes stunted growth and yellowing of older leaves first because nitrogen is mobile in the plant; confirmed by tissue or soil analysis.

Nitrogen deletion

Nitrogen deletion is a skeletal editing reaction that removes a nitrogen atom from a molecule, typically a secondary amine, and joins the flanking carbons with a new carbon-carbon bond.

Nitrogen dioxide

Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is a reddish-brown, highly reactive toxic gas among the nitrogen oxides, formed in vehicle and power-plant combustion and responsible for initiating ground-level ozone formation.

Nitrogen fixation

Nitrogen fixation is the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen gas into usable compounds such as ammonia, done biologically by bacteria, industrially by the Haber–Bosch process, and by lightning.

Nitrogen functional groups in organic chemistry

Nitrogen functional groups in organic chemistry are six covalent arrangements carrying a molecule's reactive valence: nitrile, nitro, nitroso, diazo, azide, and hydroxylamine, compared as a family in structures, preparation, reactivity, and spectroscopy.

Nitrogen generator

A nitrogen generator is equipment that separates nitrogen from ambient air at the point of use, by pressure swing adsorption or membranes, replacing delivered cylinders and liquid nitrogen.

Nitrogen insertion into arenes

Nitrogen insertion into arenes is a skeletal editing strategy that inserts a single nitrogen atom directly into an intact aromatic ring, converting carbocycles and heteroarenes into nitrogen-containing heterocycles.

Nitrogen laser

A nitrogen laser is a gas laser producing pulsed ultraviolet light at 337.1 nm from molecular nitrogen, first reported in 1963 and used to pump dye lasers.

Nitrogen limitation

Nitrogen limitation is the restriction of phytoplankton growth in a lake by available nitrogen rather than phosphorus; the Lake 227 experiment showed nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria compensate when nitrogen inputs cease.

Nitrogen narcosis

Nitrogen narcosis, also called inert gas narcosis or the Martini effect, is reversible CNS impairment in divers breathing compressed air at depth; symptoms begin around 10-30 msw, resolve on ascent, and are prevented with helium-based gas mixtures.

Nitrogen permease regulator 2-like

Nitrogen permease regulator 2-like (NPRL2), also NPRL2/G21, is the catalytic Longin-domain subunit of the human GATOR1 complex, a GAP for RagA/B that inhibits mTORC1; homolog of yeast Npr2 and a 3p21.3 tumor suppressor candidate.

Nitrogen permease regulator 3

NPRL3 (NPR3 like, GATOR1 complex subunit; C16orf35, MARE) is a 569-amino-acid human protein on chromosome 16p13.3 that, with DEPDC5 and NPRL2, forms the GATOR1 GAP complex inhibiting mTORC1; loss-of-function variants cause familial focal epilepsy and act as tumor suppressors.