All articles starting with N
16,460 articles
NKX6-2-related autosomal recessive hypomyelinating leukodystrophy
NKX6-2-related autosomal recessive hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, also known as spastic ataxia 8 (SPAX8), is a rare genetic white-matter disease caused by NKX6-2 variants, ranging from severe infantile spasticity to later-onset ataxia.
NLAW
The NLAW (Next Generation Light Anti-tank Weapon), also known as MBT LAW or Robot 57, is a disposable anti-tank missile developed by Saab Bofors Dynamics for British and Swedish armies.
NLC India Limited
NLC India Limited, formerly Neyveli Lignite Corporation, is a Navratna government-owned Indian company founded in 1956 to mine Neyveli lignite and generate power, now also in renewables and coal.
NLDAS
NLDAS, the North American Land Data Assimilation System, is a multi-model land modeling system producing quality-controlled datasets of soil moisture, snow, and surface fluxes across the continental United States.
NLE Choppa
NLE Choppa (Bryson Lashun Potts), also briefly NLE The Great, is a Memphis rapper who broke out at 16 with 2019's viral "Shotta Flow," kept ownership via No Love Entertainment with Warner distribution, and released Top Shotta and Cottonwood 2.
nLIGHT
nLIGHT (恩耐激光) is an American laser manufacturer of high-power semiconductor and fiber lasers for metal cutting and directed-energy weapon systems for defense, trading under the ticker LASR.
NLP effector protein-like
NLP effector protein-like (InterPro IPR008701, Pfam PF05630 NPP1 domain): Nep1-like protein effectors secreted by bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes; cytotoxic to dicots and immune-triggering nlp20 patterns recognized by RLP23.
NLRP1
NLRP1 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 1) is the first-identified human inflammasome sensor, dominant in keratinocytes. Activated by functional degradation via FIIND autoproteolysis, DPP8/9 inhibition, UVB stress, and viral proteases; gain-of-function mutations cause skin inflammatory disease.
NLRP12-associated hereditary periodic fever syndrome
NLRP12-associated hereditary periodic fever syndrome, also called FCAS2 or NAPS12 (OMIM 611762), is a rare autosomal dominant autoinflammatory disease with cold-triggered recurrent fever, urticaria-like rash and arthralgia caused by NLRP12 gene variants, most often p.F402L.
NLRP3
NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3, formerly CIAS1/cryopyrin) is a cytosolic innate immune sensor that assembles the NLRP3 inflammasome, activating caspase 1 to release IL-1β and IL-18 and cause pyroptosis; gain-of-function mutations cause CAPS.
NLST trial
The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) was an American trial of 53,454 heavy smokers showing low-dose CT screening lowered lung cancer deaths 15 to 20 percent versus chest X-ray.
NLTK
NLTK, the Natural Language Toolkit, is a free, open-source Python library for natural language processing. It was created in 2001 at the University of Pennsylvania as teaching courseware.
NLTS conjecture
The NLTS conjecture (No Low-Energy Trivial States), posed by Freedman and Hastings in 2014, says some low-energy quantum states need super-constant circuit depth; it was proved in 2022.
NLX (motherboard form factor)
NLX (New Low Profile Extended) is a low-profile motherboard form factor for desktop PCs, announced by Intel with IBM in 1996 as a standardized replacement for the semi-proprietary LPX design.
nm (Unix)
nm is a Unix command that displays the symbol table of an object file, executable, or library, showing each symbol's value, type code, and name.
Nmap
Nmap (Network Mapper) is a free, open source utility for network discovery and security auditing, best known as a port scanner used by system administrators and penetration testers since 1997.
NMB48
NMB48 is a Japanese idol group formed in October 2010 and based in the Namba district of Osaka, the third of the 48 groups after AKB48 and SKE48.
NMC 811
NMC 811, also written NCM811, is a nickel-rich lithium-ion battery cathode material, LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2, named for its 8:1:1 nickel-manganese-cobalt ratio, offering high capacity but facing degradation and safety challenges in electric vehicles.
NMD Pharma
NMD Pharma A/S is a clinical-stage biotech company in Aarhus, Denmark, founded in 2015 as an Aarhus University spin-off; its lead drug ignaseclant is in Phase 2 trials for myasthenia gravis.
NMDA
NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid) is a synthetic acidic amino acid, first synthesized in the early 1960s, that serves as the selective agonist for the NMDA glutamate receptor named after it.
NMDA receptor
NMDA receptor (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, NMDAR): calcium-permeable glutamate-gated ion channel of excitatory synapses; a coincidence detector requiring glycine, glutamate, and depolarization, central to LTP, memory, development, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and neurodegeneration.
NMDA receptor antagonist
NMDA receptor antagonists are drugs blocking the NMDA glutamate receptor, via competitive, channel-blocker (ketamine, memantine, MK-801), or allosteric (ifenprodil) mechanisms; used in anesthesia, depression (esketamine), and pain, limited by psychotomimetic and neurotoxic side effects.
NME
NME, or New Musical Express, is a British weekly music magazine founded in 1952 when Maurice Kinn bought the failing Accordion Times and Musical Express.
NME's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time
NME's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time is the British magazine NME's October 23, 2013 special-issue ranking, compiled from about 80 journalists' weighted top-50 ballots plus year-end lists, topped by The Smiths' The Queen Is Dead.
NME1
NME1 (NM23-H1, NDPK-A) is the human gene encoding nucleoside diphosphate kinase A; discovered in 1988 as the first metastasis suppressor gene, it suppresses metastasis without blocking primary tumor growth.
NMEA 0183
NMEA 0183 is a marine electronics data standard, first published in 1983, that sends ASCII sentences over a serial line from one talker device to listeners.
NMESWAL trial
NMESWAL trial (NCT07445204), Istanbul Arel University randomized controlled trial comparing sensory, motor, and modified combined VitalStim NMES protocols with conventional swallowing therapy for acute stroke-related dysphagia and hemiparesis.
Nmixx
NMIXX (엔믹스), also written Nmixx, is a six-member South Korean girl group under JYP Entertainment that debuted February 22, 2022 with AD MARE and "O.O"; known for mixxpop, NSWER fandom, Blue Valentine, and the Strange Muse EP.
NML Cygni
NML Cygni (NML Cyg) is an extreme red supergiant, or cool hypergiant, in Cygnus, discovered in 1965 and one of the most massive M-type stars known.
NMR crystallography
NMR crystallography combines experimental solid-state NMR spectroscopy with density-functional theory calculations to determine, refine, or validate crystal structures of molecular solids, especially microcrystalline powders unsuitable for single-crystal diffraction.