All articles starting with N
16,460 articles
Non-allergic asthma
Non-allergic asthma (intrinsic asthma), ICD-11 CA23.1: asthma not associated with allergy, with neutrophilic, eosinophilic, or paucigranulocytic sputum, often less responsive to inhaled corticosteroids than allergic asthma.
Non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophils
Non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophils (NARES, ICD-11 CA08.10) is perennial rhinitis with marked nasal eosinophilia, negative skin tests, and normal IgE, first described in 1981, treated with intranasal corticosteroids, and possibly preceding aspirin triad.
Non-amyloid fibrillary glomerulopathy
Non-amyloid fibrillary glomerulopathy, also called fibrillary glomerulonephritis, is a rare Congo red-negative kidney disease with randomly arranged 12–24 nm IgG and C3 fibrils in glomeruli, diagnosed by DNAJB9 staining, causing nephrotic proteinuria and renal failure.
Non-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Non-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (naSAH, ICD-11 8B01.1): spontaneous SAH with no aneurysm on initial imaging, up to 15% of cases; perimesencephalic form is benign, non-perimesencephalic form needs fuller work-up.
Non-apology apology
Non-apology apology (nonapology): a statement in the form of an apology that acknowledges no responsibility or regret. Covers its etymology, rhetorical devices like "if anyone was offended," and why politicians and corporations use it.
Non-apoptotic roles of caspases
Non-apoptotic roles of caspases are the functions of these death-executing proteases in cells that survive, driving differentiation, proliferation, neuronal pruning, and immune signaling at sublethal activity levels.
Non-associative algebra
A non-associative algebra is an algebra over a field whose multiplication need not satisfy x(yz) = (xy)z; Lie, Jordan, and alternative algebras are the best-known examples.
Non-bank financial institution
A non-bank financial institution (NBFI), also known as a non-banking financial company, provides financial services without a banking license; by 2024 NBFIs held 51% of global financial assets.
Non-belligerent
Non-belligerent (non-belligerency): a claimed status between neutrality and belligerency in which a state not party to an armed conflict departs from neutral duties of impartiality; first used by Italy in September 1939, contested in international law.
Non-binary gender
Non-binary gender (nonbinary): umbrella term for gender identities outside or between male and female, covering both, fluid, or no gender identities. Covers terminology, prevalence (about 20% of trans people; 5% of US young adults), ICD-11 changes, health, and legal recognition status.
Non-blocking algorithm
A non-blocking algorithm, also called non-blocking synchronization, is a concurrent algorithm in which a delayed or failed process cannot prevent others from completing, typically built from atomic primitives like compare-and-swap.
Non-breaking space
A non-breaking space (NBSP) is a space character, written in HTML, that prevents a line break between the words or symbols on either side.
Non-bullous impetigo
Non-bullous impetigo (impetigo contagiosa), ICD-11 1B72.1, is the commonest, crusted form of impetigo, over 70% of cases, caused by S. aureus, S. pyogenes, or both, with honey-colored crusts treated by topical antibiotics.
Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible
Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible, sometimes called the Lost Books of the New Testament, are works the Bible names or quotes, like the Book of Jashar and 1 Enoch.
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS, also non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity, NCGWS): intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms from gluten-containing foods without celiac disease or wheat allergy; fructans may trigger symptoms more than gluten.
Non-Christian faith schools
Non-Christian faith schools are schools organized around the religious identity of non-Christian communities, ranging from fully state-funded institutions to private schools and part-time supplementary classes such as maktabs and madrasas.
Non-coding RNA
Non-coding RNA (ncRNA): RNA transcribed from DNA but not translated into protein, spanning rRNA, tRNA, miRNA, siRNA, piRNA, and lncRNA classes; roughly 98% of the human transcriptome, central to gene regulation, genome-function debates, and RNA therapeutics.
Non-cognitivism
Non-cognitivism: metaethical view that moral sentences like "stealing is wrong" are not truth-apt but express attitudes, desires, or prescriptions; also called ethical non-cognitivism. Covers emotivism (Ayer, Stevenson), prescriptivism (Hare), and contemporary expressivism (Blackburn, Gibbard), plus the Frege-Geach problem.
Non-commissioned officer
A non-commissioned officer (NCO) is an armed forces member appointed by an officer to supervise and lead enlisted soldiers, in ranks such as sergeant and sergeant major.
Non-communicable disease
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also called non-infectious or chronic diseases, are long-duration diseases not passed between people; they killed at least 43 million people in 2021.
Non-compete clause
Non-compete clause: an employment term barring workers from joining competitors or starting rival businesses after leaving a job, also called a covenant not to compete. The FTC's 2024 US ban was vacated in 2025; California and three other states ban them outright while other states restrict by salary or duration.
Non-competitive inhibition
Non-competitive inhibition is a form of reversible enzyme inhibition in which an inhibitor binds the enzyme away from the active site, lowering Vmax while Km stays unchanged, so extra substrate does not overcome it.
Non-constituency Member of Parliament
Non-constituency Member of Parliament (NCMP), Singapore's best-loser scheme introduced in 1984: losing opposition candidates with the highest vote shares fill seats equal to 12 minus elected opposition MPs, with full voting rights since 2016.
Non-contact atomic force microscopy
Non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) is a scanning probe technique that achieves true atomic resolution by oscillating a cantilever above a surface without touching it.
Non-contrast computed tomography
Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) is X-ray cross-sectional imaging performed without injected contrast agents, used as the fast, first-line emergency test for stroke, brain hemorrhage, and urinary stones.
Non-controlling interest
Non-controlling interest, also called minority interest, is the equity in a subsidiary not attributable to its parent, shown separately in consolidated equity under IFRS 10 and US GAAP.
Non-convulsive status epilepticus
Non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE, ICD-11 8A66.1) is prolonged seizure activity without convulsions, diagnosed by EEG. Altered mental status is the hallmark; outcome depends on etiology, worst after anoxic injury.
Non-cooperation movement (2024)
Non-cooperation movement (2024), or one-point movement, Bangladesh civil disobedience campaign by the Anti-Discrimination Student Movement from 4 August 2024 demanding Sheikh Hasina's resignation; she fled to India on 5 August, ending the July Uprising.
Non-critical string theory
Non-critical string theory is a string theory in a spacetime dimension other than the critical 26 or 10, made consistent by a linear dilaton or Liouville mode.
Non-dairy creamer
Non-dairy creamer is a manufactured product used to substitute for milk or cream in coffee, tea, and chocolate drinks, though standard versions often contain milk-derived sodium caseinate.