All articles starting with N
16,460 articles
Non-state actor
Non-state actor (NSA): any entity influencing international relations without representing a sovereign government, including NGOs, multinational corporations, and armed groups; defined against states, studied since Nye and Keohane's 1971-1972 transnational relations work.
Non-stoichiometric compound
A non-stoichiometric compound, also called a berthollide, is a chemical compound whose composition violates the law of definite proportions, caused by crystal defects such as vacancies.
Non-Stop (film)
Non-Stop (2014) is a Jaume Collet-Serra action thriller starring Liam Neeson as air marshal Bill Marks, who receives texts threatening a passenger death every 20 minutes unless $150 million is transferred; it grossed over $220 million worldwide.
Non-stop decay
Non-stop decay (NSD, nonstop mRNA decay): eukaryotic surveillance pathway degrading mRNAs lacking stop codons; stalled ribosomes at the 3' end recruit Ski7/Hbs1-Dom34 and the exosome for 3'-to-5' degradation.
Non-structural protein P9-1
Non-structural protein P9-1 is the major viroplasm matrix protein of plant-infecting fijiviruses like Rice black-streaked dwarf virus, and the minimal viral component required for viroplasm formation.
Non-Summit (비정상회담)
Non-Summit (비정상회담, Abnormal Summit) is a JTBC South Korean talk show, first aired July 7, 2014, in which fluent-Korean-speaking foreign panelists debate topics with hosts Yoo Se-yoon, Jun Hyun-moo, and Sung Si-kyung.
Non-surgical management of osteoarthritis
Non-surgical management of osteoarthritis is the set of exercise, weight-management, drug, injection, and mechanical treatments used to reduce pain and preserve function, with therapeutic exercise recommended first-line for all patients.
Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia
Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT): three or more consecutive ventricular beats above 100 beats per minute terminating spontaneously within 30 seconds; prognosis depends on underlying structural heart disease.
Non-syndromic bilambdoid and sagittal craniosynostosis
Non-syndromic bilambdoid and sagittal craniosynostosis (BLSS, Mercedes Benz synostosis, craniofacial dyssynostosis, ORPHA:1516) is a rare multisutural craniosynostosis fusing both lambdoid sutures and the posterior sagittal suture, causing turricephaly, occipital concavity, and frequent cerebellar tonsillar herniation.
Non-syndromic metopic craniosynostosis
Non-syndromic metopic craniosynostosis, or isolated trigonocephaly, is premature fusion of the metopic suture causing a triangular forehead, hypotelorism, and temporal narrowing; mostly mild, low intracranial pressure risk, surgery reserved for severe forms.
Non-syndromic sagittal craniosynostosis
Non-syndromic sagittal craniosynostosis, also called isolated sagittal synostosis or scaphocephaly, is premature fusion of the sagittal suture without syndromic features; it is the most common single-suture craniosynostosis, mostly multifactorial, treated by open or endoscopic surgery.
Non-syndromic unicoronal craniosynostosis
Non-syndromic unicoronal craniosynostosis, or unilateral coronal synostosis, is premature fusion of one coronal suture, occurring in about 1/10,000 births, causing facial scoliosis, strabismus, and amblyopia, treated by endoscopic strip craniectomy or fronto-orbital advancement.
Non-target screening
Non-target screening (NTS) is an analytical chemistry method that uses high-resolution mass spectrometry to detect and tentatively identify unknown chemical contaminants in environmental or biological samples without preselecting which compounds to look for.
Non-targeted analysis
Non-targeted analysis (NTA), also called non-target screening, is an analytical chemistry approach that detects and identifies chemicals in a sample without a predefined target list, typically using chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry.
Non-tariff barrier
A non-tariff barrier (NTB) is a trade policy measure other than a customs tariff that restricts international trade in goods, through quotas, licensing, standards, and fees.
Non-terminal myelocystocele
Non-terminal myelocystocele (ORPHA:645340), a rare closed spinal dysraphism above the conus with a skin-covered CSF sac; abortive and complete subtypes; favorable prognosis versus myelomeningocele.
Non-terrestrial network
A non-terrestrial network (NTN) is a 3GPP-defined network using satellites or high-altitude platforms as base stations, extending 5G coverage to oceans, deserts, and disaster zones towers cannot reach.
Non-Therapeutic Body Modification
Non-therapeutic body modification: deliberate lasting body alteration (piercing, tattooing, branding, cutting, circumcision) for cultural, aesthetic, or identity reasons, defined by MeSH in 2005 and distinguished from medical or cosmetic surgery.
Non-thrombocytopenic purpura
Non-thrombocytopenic purpura (ICD-11 3B60; ICD-10-CM D69.2) is skin or mucous-membrane bleeding with a normal platelet count, caused by vascular, drug, congenital, or vitamin C deficiency factors, including senile purpura.
Non-toxic shot
Non-toxic shot is shotgun ammunition containing no lead, approved for hunting where spent pellets poison wildlife; the United States banned lead shot for waterfowl hunting nationwide in 1991.
Non-transatlantic submarine telegraph cables
Non-transatlantic submarine telegraph cables are the undersea telegraph lines that linked Britain to India and the Far East, beginning with the commercially successful England-to-France cable of 1851.
Non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis
Non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis (NTM cervicofacial lymphadenitis, scrofula-like adenitis): chronic painless neck node infection in children 1-5, mainly MAC and M. lentiflavum; complete excision cures 98% but risks facial palsy.
Non-U.S. recipients of U.S. gallantry awards
Non-U.S. recipients of U.S. gallantry awards: friendly foreign military personnel and units decorated under DoDI 1348.33 Section 9, with SecDef approval, plus the five allied WWI unknown soldiers presented Medals of Honor.
Non-uniform memory access
Non-uniform memory access (NUMA), or Cc-NUMA, is a multiprocessor memory design in which each CPU accesses its local memory node faster than memory attached to distant nodes.
Non-uniform rational B-spline
A non-uniform rational B-spline, or NURBS, is a mathematical representation of curves and surfaces built from control points, weights, and a knot vector, created for computer 3D modeling.
Non-uniform sampling (statistics)
Non-uniform sampling in statistics is a sampling design that selects population units with unequal probabilities, concentrating effort where measured quantities are largest or most variable.
Non-unique factorization
Non-unique factorization is the phenomenon in rings of algebraic integers and factorization monoids where an element has essentially different irreducible factorizations, classically 6 = 2·3 = (1+√−5)(1−√−5) in Z[√−5], measured by invariants like elasticity.
Non-vascular plant
A non-vascular plant is a land plant lacking the xylem and phloem tissues that move water and nutrients internally, a group that in practice means the bryophytes: the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
Non-volatile memory
Non-volatile memory (NVM) is electronic storage that retains its data even after losing power, unlike volatile DRAM and SRAM; flash, commercially introduced in 1987, dominates, with emerging types like phase-change and magnetic memory.
Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives
Non-voting members of the U.S. House are five Delegates (DC, Guam, Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands) and Puerto Rico's Resident Commissioner, who debate and vote in committees but cannot vote on final House legislation.