All articles starting with N
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Norma M. Lang
Norma M. Lang is an American nurse scientist known for creating standardized measures of nursing care quality, and Dean Emerita of the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing.
Norma McCorvey
Norma McCorvey (1947–2017), pseudonym Jane Roe, was the plaintiff in Roe v. Wade (1973). She later converted to anti-abortion activism, then said in AKA Jane Roe (2020) it was a paid act.
Norma Rae
Norma Rae: 1979 American drama directed by Martin Ritt, starring Sally Field as a textile worker who unionizes her mill; based on Crystal Lee Sutton and the J.P. Stevens campaign; won Best Actress and Best Original Song Oscars.
Norma Shearer
Norma Shearer (1902-1983), Canadian-born MGM star dubbed Queen of Hollywood; won the Best Actress Oscar for The Divorcee (1930), married Irving Thalberg, retired in 1942 after Her Cardboard Lover.
Norma Tanega
Norma Tanega (1939-2019), American folk-pop singer-songwriter, painter, and experimental musician; hit "Walkin' My Cat Named Dog" (1966), partner and songwriter for Dusty Springfield, later Claremont teacher and percussionist.
Norma Thrower
Norma Thrower (Norma Claire Thrower, later Austin, born 5 February 1936, Adelaide) is an Australian 80m hurdler: Olympic bronze at Melbourne 1956, Commonwealth gold at Cardiff 1958, and 80m hurdles world record 10.6 in 1960.
Norma Torres
Norma J. Torres is an American Democrat who has served as a U.S. Representative for California's 35th district since 2015. She previously served in the State Senate.
Norma W. Andrews
Norma W. Andrews is a Brazilian cell biologist and parasitologist who discovered calcium-regulated lysosomal exocytosis, showing lysosomes repair plasma membrane wounds and help Trypanosoma cruzi invade cells.
Normal (2025 film)
Normal is a 2025 action comedy thriller directed by Ben Wheatley, written by John Wick creator Derek Kolstad, and starring Bob Odenkirk as a substitute sheriff in Normal, Minnesota.
Normal (BTS song)
NORMAL is a 2026 song by BTS (방탄소년단) from the album Arirang, also known as Normal. An alternative-pop ballad on fame's cost, produced with Ryan Tedder; its Korean version single and Spotify-premiered video set a single-day K-pop streaming record.
Normal (geometry)
A normal, or normal vector, in geometry is a vector or line perpendicular to a curve or surface at a point, used in differential geometry and computer graphics.
Normal (store)
Normal is a Danish variety-discount chain selling branded personal care, cosmetics, and household products at fixed low prices, founded in Silkeborg, Denmark in 2013 and grown to more than 900 stores across Europe.
Normal coordinates
Normal coordinates are local coordinates on a manifold, built from the exponential map at a point, in which the metric is Euclidean and geodesics through the center are straight lines.
Normal curvature
Normal curvature is the component of a curve's curvature along the normal of the surface it lies on, measuring how the surface itself bends the curve.
Normal derivative
The normal derivative measures a function's rate of change in the direction perpendicular to a boundary, and prescribing it yields the Neumann boundary condition, named after Carl Neumann.
Normal dispersion
Normal dispersion is the behavior of a transparent optical material whose refractive index decreases as wavelength increases, so blue light refracts more strongly than red light.
Normal distribution
The normal distribution, also called the Gaussian distribution or bell curve, is a symmetric continuous probability distribution defined by a mean and a standard deviation, central to statistics.
Normal Distributions Transform
The Normal Distributions Transform (NDT) is a scan-matching algorithm that registers range scans and point clouds, introduced by Peter Biber and Wolfgang Straßer in 2003.
Normal electroretinogram
Normal electroretinogram: retinal electrical response to light within age- and electrode-specific reference limits under ISCEV standard dark- and light-adapted full-field or pattern ERG protocols.
Normal extension
A normal extension is an algebraic field extension E/F in which every irreducible polynomial over F with a root in E has all its roots in E; together with separability, normality makes the extension Galois.
Normal family
A normal family is a family of functions in which every sequence has a subsequence converging uniformly on compact subsets, introduced by Paul Montel in 1907.
Normal fault
A normal fault is a dip-slip fault on which the hanging wall moves downward relative to the footwall, forming where the crust is pulled apart by extension.
Normal force
The normal force, also called the normal reaction, is the contact force a surface exerts on an object perpendicular to that surface, equal to the weight mg on a horizontal surface.
Normal form theory
Normal form theory is a body of methods in dynamical systems that simplifies differential equations near an equilibrium or periodic orbit via successive near-identity coordinate transformations.
Normal good
A normal good is a good whose demand rises when the buyer's income rises, with positive income elasticity; necessities fall below 1 and luxuries at or above 1.
Normal mapping
Normal mapping: real-time shading technique storing per-pixel surface normals in RGB textures, descended from Blinn's 1978 bump mapping; tangent-space maps, OpenGL vs DirectX green-channel conventions, and baking from high-poly meshes.
Normal matrix
A normal matrix is a square matrix that commutes with its conjugate transpose, AA = A*A; by the spectral theorem it has an orthonormal basis of eigenvectors, including Hermitian and unitary matrices.
Normal modal logic K
Normal modal logic K is the smallest normal modal logic, containing classical propositional logic, the Distribution Axiom, and the Necessitation Rule, named after Saul Kripke.
Normal mode
A normal mode, also called a vibrational mode, is a pattern of oscillation in which all parts of a system move at one fixed frequency; any motion is a superposition of modes.
Normal mode analysis
Normal mode analysis is a computational method that describes the vibrational modes of a molecular structure, typically a protein, and is used to study large-scale motions and flexibility.