All articles starting with N

Nozomi (train)

Nozomi (のぞみ, "hope") is the fastest and most frequent service on the Tokaido Shinkansen, covering Tokyo to Shin-Osaka in as little as 2 hours 21 minutes.

Nozomi (のぞみ) (train)

Nozomi (のぞみ) is the fastest train on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen, operated by JR Central since 1992, covering Tokyo to Shin-Osaka in as little as 2 hours 21 minutes.

Nozomi Okuhara (奥原希望)

Nozomi Okuhara (奥原希望), born 1995 in Omachi, Nagano, is a Japanese women's singles badminton player: 2016 Olympic bronze, 2017 world champion, All England winner, and former world No. 1.

Sep 19, 2026

Nozomi Tsuji

Nozomi Tsuji (辻希美) is a Japanese singer and tarento, born 1987 in Tokyo, who joined Morning Musume in 2000 and later performed in Minimoni and W.

Nozomu Sasaki (佐々木望), born 1967 in Hiroshima, is a Japanese voice actor known for Yusuke Urameshi in YuYu Hakusho, Tetsuo in AKIRA, and Johan in MONSTER, and for graduating from the University of Tokyo Faculty of Law in 2020.

Nozzle

A nozzle is a specially shaped tube through which a fluid flows, converting pressure or thermal energy into directed flow for propulsion, flow metering, or spraying.

NP (complexity)

NP, or nondeterministic polynomial time, is the complexity class of decision problems whose proposed solutions can be verified in polynomial time; whether NP is larger than P is a famous unsolved problem.

NP-completeness

NP-completeness is a property of decision problems that are at least as hard as every problem in NP, first proved for SAT by Stephen Cook in 1971 and extended by Karp's 21 problems in 1972.

NP-hardness

NP-hardness is a property of computational problems to which every problem in NP can be reduced in polynomial time, introduced by Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin in 1971.

NPAPI

NPAPI, or Netscape Plugin Application Programming Interface, is a deprecated C API created at Adobe in 1995 that let browsers run plugins for PDFs, video, and Java applets.

NPC (meme)

NPC (meme): internet meme from the gaming term non-player character, using the grey NPC Wojak face to mock people as scripted conformists; born on 4chan in 2016, viral in the 2018 US midterm season, later a TikTok trend.

NPC1

NPC1 (Niemann-Pick C1, NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1) is a human chromosome 18 gene encoding a 1278-amino-acid lysosomal membrane protein that exports cholesterol with NPC2; mutations cause most Niemann-Pick type C disease.

NPC1L1

NPC1L1 (Niemann-Pick C1-like 1) is an intestinal membrane protein that transports cholesterol and plant sterols into enterocytes and is the molecular target of the cholesterol-lowering drug ezetimibe; knockout mice lose over 70% of cholesterol absorption.

NPC2

NPC2 (HE1, EDDM1) is a small soluble lysosomal glycoprotein that binds cholesterol and hands it off to NPC1 for egress from lysosomes; mutations in the NPC2 gene cause Niemann-Pick disease type C2, about 5% of NPC cases.

NPH insulin

NPH insulin (neutral protamine Hagedorn, insulin isophane) is an intermediate-acting human insulin crystallized with protamine and zinc, developed in 1946, marketed 1950, with 5–6 hour peak and ~13 hour duration, on the WHO essential medicines list.

Oct 20, 2026

NPHP3-related Meckel-like syndrome

NPHP3-related Meckel-like syndrome, also called Goldston syndrome, is a rare inherited ciliopathy caused by NPHP3 mutations, marked by cystic kidney dysplasia, Dandy-Walker malformation, and congenital hepatic fibrosis.

NPK fertilizer

NPK fertilizer is a fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, sold as compounds or blends; its three-number label code gives each nutrient's percentage by weight.

npm

npm is a package manager for JavaScript, created by Isaac Schlueter in 2009; its public registry, owned by GitHub since 2020, hosts millions of open-source packages.

Npm left-pad incident

The npm left-pad incident, also called Left-pad, was a 2016 npm outage in which thousands of builds broke after developer Azer Koçulu unpublished his packages.

NPM1

NPM1, also known as B23 or numatrin, is a human gene on chromosome 5 encoding nucleophosmin, mutated in about a third of adult acute myeloid leukemia.

NPPA

NPPA (natriuretic peptide A, also ANF/ANP, ATFB6) is a human chromosome 1p36 gene encoding the atrial natriuretic peptide precursor; its variants lower blood pressure and cause familial atrial fibrillation type 6.

NPR

NPR (National Public Radio), US nonprofit media organization founded 1971 from the National Association of Educational Broadcasters; All Things Considered debuted May 3, 1971; member-station network led by president and CEO Katherine Maher.

NQO1

NQO1 (NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, DT-diaphorase, EC 1.6.99.2) is a cytosolic FAD homodimer enzyme that reduces quinones by two electrons using NADH or NADPH; Nrf2-inducible, stabilizes p53, overexpressed in many solid tumors, and bioactivates antitumor quinones like mitomycin C and β-lapachone.

NR V2X

NR V2X (New Radio Vehicle-to-Everything) is the 3GPP standard for vehicular communication over the 5G New Radio air interface, introduced in Release 16 and completed in June 2020.

NR082 (NFS-01, ND4 AAV gene therapy)

NR082 (NFS-01, esonadogene imvoparvovec) is Neurophth's rAAV2-ND4 intravitreal gene therapy for ND4-mutation Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, first trialed in Wuhan in 2011 and in phase 3 GOLD and sham-controlled trials.

NR1D1

NR1D1 (REV-ERBα) is a heme-binding nuclear receptor gene on human chromosome 17, encoded antisense to THRA. It represses Bmal1 as a core circadian clock component, regulates metabolism and inflammation, and is targeted by synthetic ligands such as GSK4112 and SR9009.

NR1H3

NR1H3 (LXRα, liver X receptor alpha, also RLD-1) is a human gene at 11p11.2 encoding an oxysterol-activated nuclear receptor that heterodimerizes with RXR to control cholesterol efflux, lipogenesis, and macrophage immunity.

NR1H4

NR1H4 (FXR, BAR) is the human gene at 12q23.1 encoding the farnesoid X receptor, a bile acid-activated nuclear receptor regulating bile acid, lipid, and glucose metabolism; mutations cause PFIC5, and its agonist obeticholic acid treats primary biliary cholangitis.