All articles starting with N
16,460 articles
Numbered county school districts in Wyoming
Wyoming names its public school districts as numbered subdivisions of counties, like Laramie County School District #1, each an independent entity with an elected board and taxing authority.
Numbered highways in the United States
Numbered highways in the United States are road routes identified by numbers rather than names, with the U.S. numbered system adopted in 1926 and Interstate numbering deliberately reversing its grid.
Numbered musical notation
Numbered musical notation (jianpu 简谱; German Ziffersystem) is a movable-do cipher notation using digits 1–7 for scale degrees, dots for octaves, and dashes/underlines for rhythm, dominant in Chinese songbooks and standardized by GB/T 46845-2025.
Numbered Treaties
The Numbered Treaties, also called the Post-Confederation treaties, are 11 land surrender agreements (Treaties 1–11) signed between the Canadian Crown and First Nations from 1871 to 1921, modeled on the 1850 Robinson Treaties, exchanging reserve lands, annuities, and hunting and fishing rights for Aboriginal title.
Numbering (computability theory)
A numbering in computability theory is a surjective map from the natural numbers onto a countable collection of objects, such as the partial computable functions or the computably enumerable sets.
Numbering relief, overlays and number conservation
Numbering relief, overlays, and number conservation are the mechanisms that keep a telephone numbering plan from running out of assignable numbers, chiefly area code splits, overlays, and pooling.
Numberlink
Numberlink (Nanbarinku, Arukone) is a Nikoli logic puzzle: connect pairs of matching numbers with non-crossing paths on a grid. Its mobile descendant is Flow Free (2012); solvability is NP-complete.
Numberphile
Numberphile, Brady Haran's mathematics YouTube channel launched in 2011 with Google funding, features mathematicians explaining ideas on brown paper; about 4.8 million subscribers, MSRI/Jane Street backing, and a companion podcast.
Numbers (TV series)
NUMB3RS (Numbers) is an American CBS crime drama (2005-2010, 6 seasons, 118 episodes) created by Nicolas Falacci and Cheryl Heuton, in which FBI agent Don Eppes and mathematician brother Charlie solve crimes with math.
Numbers game
Numbers game: a lottery where bettors pick a three-digit number (000-999) against a daily draw; the illegal numbers racket run by organized crime, its legal state-lottery successors such as the Massachusetts Numbers Game, and a separate graph-based Coxeter game in mathematics.
Numbers station
Numbers station: shortwave broadcast of number or letter groups, usually by a synthesized voice, used by intelligence services to send one-time-pad encrypted orders to agents; WWI-era origins, Cold War heyday, still active.
Numbi Oil and Gas Field
The Numbi Oil and Gas Field is a Chevron-operated offshore oil field in Block 0 off Cabinda, Angola, part of the Greater Takula Area and producing since 1972.
Numeira
Numeira, also written Numayra, is a small fortified Early Bronze Age III town in Jordan, about 13 km south of Bab edh-Dhra', burned and abandoned about 2550 BC.
Numenius
Numenius (curlews and whimbrels), genus Brisson 1760 of nine Scolopacidae shorebird species with long decurved bills; two species extinct, slender-billed curlew declared Extinct 2025, Far Eastern curlew Critically Endangered.
Númenor
Númenor (Númenórë, Westernesse, Anadûnê) is Tolkien's Atlantis-like island kingdom of the Dúnedain in the Second Age, raised by the Valar in S.A. 32 and drowned in S.A. 3319 after Ar-Pharazôn's armada, told in the Akallabêth.
Numeral (linguistics)
Numeral (linguistics): words denoting numbers or number relations (cardinal, ordinal, distributive, multiplicative, partitive). Covers numeral semantics, classifier languages of East and Southeast Asia, English numeral history, and deep-history stability of low numerals.
Numeral prefix
Numeral prefix (number prefix): a prefix derived from a numeral, such as mono-, bi-, tri-, multi-, attached to a root word to indicate quantity; used in general vocabulary, IUPAC chemical nomenclature (bis, tris, tetrakis), and the SI prefix system extended to quetta in 2022.
Numeral system
A numeral system, also called a scale of notation, is a system for representing numbers using digits and rules for combining them, either additively or by place value.
Numeric keypad
A numeric keypad, also called a number pad or tenkey, is a compact block of keys for entering digits and arithmetic operators, on telephones and the right side of computer keyboards.
Numeric rating scale
The numeric rating scale is a self-report pain measure in which a patient rates pain intensity by choosing a number from 0 to 10, standard in clinical trials since 2005.
Numeric substitution in Japanese
Goroawase (語呂合わせ), numeric substitution in Japanese: reading digits as on'yomi, kun'yomi, English, or shape-based sounds to spell words. Examples: 4649 = yoroshiku, 39 = thank you, 794 = naku yo uguisu; no fixed conversion rules.
Numerical algebraic geometry
Numerical algebraic geometry (NAG) is a tool set for approximating solutions to polynomial equation systems using numerical algorithms, initiated by Andrew Sommese and Charles Wampler.
Numerical analysis
Numerical analysis, also called numerical computation or numerical mathematics, is the study of methods used to obtain approximate solutions to mathematical problems, together with their analysis for accuracy, stability, and speed.
Numerical aperture
Numerical aperture (NA) is a dimensionless number in optics that characterizes the range of angles over which an optical system accepts or emits light, governing resolution in microscopy.
Numerical continuation
Numerical continuation, also known as homotopy continuation, is a family of numerical methods that traces solution curves of parameterized nonlinear equations as a parameter varies, forming the basis of bifurcation analysis.
Numerical control
Numerical control (NC) is programmable automation of machine tools by coded numbers, originally on punched paper tape, first demonstrated at MIT in 1952; computer-based versions are called CNC.
Numerical differentiation
Numerical differentiation is the set of methods for estimating a function's derivative from sampled values using finite differences, balancing truncation error and floating-point round-off through the choice of step size.
Numerical digit
Numerical digit, also called simply digit: single symbol used alone or combined in a positional numeral system; decimal uses 0-9, binary two digits, hexadecimal sixteen; digits developed in sixth-century India, transmitted via the Arabic world, with many script-specific Unicode digit sets.
Numerical integration
Numerical integration, also called numerical quadrature, computes definite integrals approximately when no closed-form antiderivative exists, by summing weighted samples of the integrand at chosen points.
Numerical inverse kinematics
Numerical inverse kinematics is the family of iterative methods that find robot joint configurations placing the end-effector at a desired pose, used when no analytic solution exists.