All articles starting with N
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NASA Paresev
The NASA Paresev was an unpowered paraglider test vehicle flown at Edwards Air Force Base from 1962 to 1964 to test Rogallo wings for landing Gemini capsules on land.
NASA Planetary Data System
The NASA Planetary Data System (PDS) is a long-term archive of digital data from NASA's planetary missions, providing access to more than 50 years of planetary science.
NASA Spaceflight Resource Management
NASA Spaceflight Resource Management (SFRM) is the team performance training program at Johnson Space Center that teaches astronauts and flight controllers communication and decision making.
NASA Valkyrie
NASA Valkyrie, officially designated R5, is NASA's first bipedal humanoid robot, built by Johnson Space Center in Houston to compete in the 2013 DARPA Robotics Challenge Trials.
NASA X-38
The NASA X-38, also known as the X-38 Crew Return Vehicle, was a series of five lifting-body prototypes meant to return up to seven ISS crewmembers to Earth, canceled in 2002.
NASA X-43
The NASA X-43, or X-43A, was an unpiloted experimental hypersonic aircraft that set air-breathing speed records at Mach 7 and nearly Mach 10 in 2004.
NASA-TLX
The NASA-TLX (Task Load Index) is a subjective workload questionnaire developed by Sandra Hart at NASA Ames in the 1980s, rating workload on six dimensions combined into a single score.
Nasadiya Sukta
The Nasadiya Sukta (नासदीय सूक्त), or Hymn of Creation, is the 129th hymn of the Rigveda's tenth mandala, a seven-verse Sanskrit hymn on cosmic origins.
Nasakhma
Nasakhma was a king of Kush of the Napatan period, reigning about 468–463 BC between Siaspiqa and Malewiebamani, and buried in pyramid Nu. 19 at Nuri near Napata.
Nasal administration
Nasal administration is a drug delivery route giving medications through the nose as sprays, drops, or powders, used for decongestants, migraine drugs, vaccines, and emergencies like naloxone.
Nasal cannula
Nasal cannula: a two-pronged tube delivering supplemental oxygen through the nostrils. Low-flow versions give 24-44% FiO2 at 1-6 L/min; heated high-flow versions (HFNC) deliver up to 60 L/min with dead-space washout and PEEP.
Nasal cavity
Nasal cavity: the paired air space of the nose, also called nasal chambers, extending from nares to choanae. It warms, humidifies, and filters air, drains the paranasal sinuses, and houses olfactory receptors in its superior olfactory region.
Nasal concha
Nasal concha (turbinate): curved bony projection from the lateral nasal wall; three pairs (inferior, middle, superior) plus a variable supreme turbinate; middle and superior from ethmoid, inferior a separate bone; warm, humidify, and direct airflow.
Nasal congestion
Nasal congestion (stuffy nose) is a feeling of nasal or facial fullness from inflamed, swollen nasal tissue, caused by rhinitis, infections, allergies, irritants, or structural blockage; treated mainly with intranasal corticosteroids, saline, and antihistamines.
Nasal consonant
A nasal consonant is a consonant produced with a lowered velum and an oral closure so air exits only through the nose, as in English m, n, ng; also called nasal stops.
Nasal cycle
Nasal cycle: ultradian rhythm of alternating congestion and decongestion of the nasal turbinates, shifting airflow dominance between nostrils every ~2 hours awake and ~4.5 hours asleep, present in 70–80% of adults, driven by autonomic tone and first described by Kayser in 1895.
Nasal dermoid cyst
Nasal dermoid sinus cyst (NDSC), congenital midline nasal mass of children, incidence 1:20,000-40,000 births, ectodermal inclusion origin, may extend intracranially, MRI-based diagnosis, treated by surgical excision.
Nasal diphtheria
Nasal diphtheria, a mild chronic form of respiratory diphtheria limited to the nose, caused by toxigenic or nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae; about 2% of cases, marked by bloody nasal discharge and often missed.
Nasal endoscopy
Nasal endoscopy, also called rhinoscopy, is a procedure in which a scope is passed through the nostril to examine the nasal cavity and sinus openings.
Nasal glial heterotopia
Nasal glial heterotopia (nasal glioma) is a rare, nonhereditary congenital mass of ectopic neuroglial tissue in or near the nose, without CNS connection; extranasal 60%, intranasal 30%, mixed 10%; complete excision is curative.
Nasal irrigation
Nasal irrigation (nasal lavage, saline nasal wash, neti pot rinsing) flushes the nasal cavity with saline to clear mucus and mediators; used for rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and colds; requires sterile or boiled water.
Nasal polyp
Nasal polyp, also called nasal polyposis or CRSwNP, is a painless inflammatory growth in the nose or sinuses, usually eosinophilic type 2 inflammation, treated with steroids, surgery, and biologics like dupilumab.
Nasal Provocation Tests
Nasal provocation test, also called nasal allergen challenge (NAC) or NAPT, applies allergen to the nasal mucosa to confirm allergic rhinitis, local and occupational rhinitis, and immunotherapy candidacy; EAACI 2018 standardized it bilaterally at 0.1 mL per nostril.
Nasal septum
Nasal septum (septum nasi): the midline bone-and-cartilage partition dividing the nasal cavity into two halves, formed by the ethmoid's perpendicular plate, vomer, and quadrangular cartilage; commonly deviated, corrected by septoplasty.
Nasal septum deviation
Nasal septum deviation (deviated septum, deviated nasal septum) is an off-center nasal septum, present in most people to some degree. It causes one-sided nasal obstruction, headaches, and snoring; septoplasty outperformed steroid and saline sprays in the NAIROS trial.
Nasal step
Nasal step, a glaucomatous visual field defect first described by Rönne in 1909: a sensitivity difference above and below the nasal horizontal midline, a nerve fiber bundle defect that begins as a scotoma.
Nasal strip
A nasal strip, or external nasal dilator strip, is an adhesive device worn on the nose to hold the nasal passages open, sold for snoring and congestion.
Nasal Surgical Procedures
Nasal surgical procedures (septoplasty, rhinoplasty, turbinate reduction, nasal valve repair) operate on nasal structures to improve breathing, repair deformities, or change appearance; over 1.1 million rhinoplasties were performed worldwide in 2022.
Nasal swab
A nasal swab, also called a nasopharyngeal swab, collects mucus and respiratory cells from the nostril or nasopharynx to diagnose infections such as COVID-19, influenza, and RSV.
Nasality
Nasality is the voice quality set by the balance of oral, nasal, and pharyngeal sound resonance during speech; its clinical extremes, hypernasality and hyponasality, are resonance disorders caused by velopharyngeal dysfunction, obstruction, or mislearning.