All articles starting with O
9,097 articles
Onco-anesthesia
Onco-anesthesia, also written oncoanaesthesia or oncologic anesthesia, is specialized anesthesia care for cancer patients, formalized as a MeSH term in 2025 after roughly a decade of growth.
Oncocerida
Oncocerida (Oncoceratida) is an extinct order of nautiloid cephalopods, Flower in Flower & Kummel 1950, ranging Middle Ordovician to Early Carboniferous, with compressed breviconic shells, ventral siphuncle, and likely sister group Tarphycerida within Multiceratoidea.
Oncocyte
An oncocyte, also called an oxyphil cell or, in the thyroid, a Hürthle cell, is an enlarged epithelial cell with granular pink cytoplasm caused by accumulated mitochondria.
Oncogene
An oncogene is a mutated or overactive gene that drives cancer, arising from normal proto-oncogenes through point mutations, gene amplification, or chromosomal translocations like BCR-ABL.
Oncogene Induced Senescence
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a permanent proliferative arrest triggered by oncogene activation (RAS, BRAF, AKT) or tumor suppressor loss (RB1, PTEN), mediated by p16-RB and p14ARF-p53 pathways, acting as a tumor-suppressive barrier with SASP-mediated double-edged effects.
Oncogenic osteomalacia
Oncogenic osteomalacia, or tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO), is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome of renal phosphate wasting and osteomalacia caused by FGF23-secreting phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors; treated by surgical resection, phosphate and active vitamin D, or burosumab.
OncoImmune (昂科免疫)
OncoImmune was a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company in Rockville, Maryland, led by Yang Liu and Pan Zheng, best known for CD24Fc and its 2020 acquisition by Merck for $425 million.
Oncologia
Oncologia, Latin for oncology, is the medical study of tumors. Greek-derived term attested from 1618, established by Virchow's cellular pathology; medical oncology became a subspecialty in 1972.
Oncologie (鼎航医药)
Oncologie (鼎航医药) was a precision immuno-oncology company founded in 2018 and headquartered in Boston with a Shanghai subsidiary, led by CEO Laura Benjamin and renamed OncXerna Therapeutics in 2020.
Oncologists
Oncologists are physicians specializing in cancer care, spanning medical oncology (drug therapy), radiation oncology (radiotherapy), and surgical oncology; training, roles, workforce numbers, and global access disparities.
Oncology
Oncology is the branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer through medical, radiation, and surgical approaches, delivered by multidisciplinary teams; cancer is the second leading cause of death globally.
Oncology Nursing Society
Oncology Nursing Society (ONS), US professional association for cancer-care nurses, founded 1975, Pittsburgh HQ, 35,000+ members; affiliates ONCC (OCN certification) and Oncology Nursing Foundation; journals CJON and ONF.
Oncology research
Oncology Research (Oncol Res, ISSN 0965-0407) is a monthly peer-reviewed cancer research journal founded in 1992, absorbing Anti-Cancer Drug Design, published since 2021 open access by Tech Science Press, indexed in MEDLINE, 2025 impact factor 4.6.
Oncolytic virus therapy
Oncolytic virus therapy, also known as oncolytic virotherapy, is a cancer treatment using live engineered viruses to kill tumor cells and trigger immune responses, exemplified by T-VEC.
Oncomelania hupensis
Oncomelania hupensis (湖北钉螺), amphibious pomatiopsid freshwater snail and sole intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum; Yangtze basin, ribbed and smooth shell forms, subspecies, genome, and schistosomiasis control.
Oncomir
An oncomir, also written oncomiR, is a microRNA that promotes cancer by repressing tumor suppressor genes, a term coined by Esquela-Kerscher and Slack in 2006, with examples including miR-155 and miR-21.
OncoNano Medicine
OncoNano Medicine is a private, clinical-stage oncology biotechnology company founded in 2014 and based in Southlake, Texas, developing pH-activated ON-BOARD polymeric micelle nanotherapeutics for cancer.
Oncoplastic breast surgery
Oncoplastic breast surgery, also called oncoplastic breast conserving surgery, combines wide tumor removal with immediate reshaping of the breast to keep clear margins and normal shape.
Oncor
Oncor is a regulated electricity transmission and distribution utility headquartered in Dallas, Texas, operating the largest such system in Texas and serving more than 4.1 million homes and businesses.
OncoResponse
OncoResponse is a Houston, Texas biotechnology company founded in 2015 by MD Anderson Cancer Center and Theraclone Sciences that develops monoclonal antibody immunotherapies for cancer, with clinical candidates OR2805 and OR502.
Oncorhynchus masou (マス)
Oncorhynchus masou (マス), masu or cherry salmon, an anadromous Pacific salmon native only to the western Pacific (Kamchatka to Japan, Korea, China, Russia); IUCN Least Concern, subspecies ishikawae Endangered, formosanus landlocked in Taiwan.
Oncorine (H101, recombinant human adenovirus type 5)
Oncorine (安柯瑞) is the trade name of H101, an oncolytic adenovirus developed by Shanghai Sunway Biotech and approved in China in 2005 for head and neck cancers.
Oncorus, Inc.
Oncorus, Inc. was a clinical-stage biotechnology company in Cambridge, Massachusetts that developed oncolytic virus and self-amplifying RNA cancer therapies; it launched in 2016 and dissolved in 2024.
Oncosphere
Oncosphere: the six-hooked (hexacanth) larval embryo of tapeworms, enclosed by embryonic envelopes, that hatches in an intermediate host and uses hooks and penetration glands to invade tissue before becoming a metacestode.
Oncostatin-M
Oncostatin-M (OSM) is an interleukin-6 family cytokine produced by activated monocytes and macrophages during inflammation, first identified by its ability to inhibit melanoma cell growth.
Oncotarget
Oncotarget (ISSN 1949-2553) is a peer-reviewed, open-access, oncology-focused journal published by Impact Journals since 2010; dropped by MEDLINE and Clarivate in 2017–2018, re-indexed by MEDLINE in 2022, with a $3,200 publication fee.
Oncotic pressure
Oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is the osmotic pull of plasma proteins, mainly albumin (up to 80%), across capillary walls; a Starling force revised by the endothelial glycocalyx model, central to edema and fluid therapy.
Oncovirus
An oncovirus, or oncogenic virus, is a virus that can cause cancer. Seven human oncoviruses are recognized, including HPV, EBV, and hepatitis B and C.
Oncternal Therapeutics, Inc.
Oncternal Therapeutics was a clinical-stage San Diego oncology biotechnology company, public on Nasdaq from 2019, that developed ROR1 antibodies and CAR T therapies before winding down in 2025.
Oncusp Therapeutics
OnCusp Therapeutics is a New York-headquartered biopharmaceutical company founded in 2021 to develop cancer therapies, with lead asset CUSP06, a CDH6-directed antibody-drug conjugate in Phase 1 testing.