All articles starting with O
9,097 articles
Operation Deliberate Force
Operation Deliberate Force, or Deliberate Force, was a NATO air campaign against Bosnian Serb targets in August and September 1995, launched after the Sarajevo marketplace mortar strike.
Operation Demetrius
Operation Demetrius, also called internment, was the 9 August 1971 British Army and Stormont operation arresting 342 people without trial in Northern Ireland; it sparked the Ballymurphy deaths, the Hooded Men case, and lasted until December 1975.
Operation Deny Flight
Operation Deny Flight was a NATO air operation from 1993 to 1995 that enforced a UN no-fly zone over Bosnia and provided close air support to UN peacekeepers.
Operation Dingo
Operation Dingo, known in Zimbabwe as the Chimoio massacre, was a November 1977 Rhodesian airborne raid on ZANLA camps at Chimoio and Tembue in Mozambique, inflicting thousands of casualties.
Operation Downfall
Operation Downfall, also known as the Invasion of Japan, was the planned Allied invasion of Japan in World War II, canceled when Japan surrendered in August 1945.
Operation Dragon Rouge
Operation Dragon Rouge, meaning Red Dragon, was a 1964 Belgian-American rescue operation that freed more than 1,600 European hostages held by Simba rebels in Stanleyville, Congo.
Operation Dragoon
Operation Dragoon, originally Anvil, was the Allied invasion of southern France on 15 August 1944 by the U.S. Seventh Army and French Army B, capturing Toulon and Marseille and linking up with Normandy forces near Dijon.
Operation Eagle Claw
Operation Eagle Claw was the failed U.S. Delta Force mission of 24 April 1980 to rescue 52 American hostages in Tehran; it aborted at Desert One, where a helicopter crash killed eight servicemen.
Operation Eagle Pull
Operation Eagle Pull was the United States helicopter evacuation of Phnom Penh, Cambodia, on 12 April 1975, five days before the city fell to the Khmer Rouge.
Operation Earnest Will
Operation Earnest Will, the 1987-1988 U.S. Navy escort of 11 reflagged Kuwaiti tankers in the Persian Gulf Tanker War; largest convoy operation since World War II, spanning 127 missions, the Bridgeton mining, and Operation Praying Mantis.
Operation Eastern Sentry
Operation Eastern Sentry is NATO's enhanced vigilance and air-defense operation, launched 12 September 2025 after Russian drone incursions into Polish airspace, reinforcing the eastern flank from the Baltic to the Black Sea under SACEUR command.
Operation Enduring Freedom
Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) was the American-led military campaign in Afghanistan between 2001 and 2014, which began in response to 9/11 and targeted al-Qaeda.
Operation Euphrates Shield
Operation Euphrates Shield (Fırat Kalkanı Harekâtı), Turkey's first direct military intervention in Syria, ran 24 August 2016 to 29 March 2017, clearing ISIS from a 98-km border segment with Free Syrian Army allies and blocking Kurdish PYD/YPG expansion.
Operation Feed the Nation
Operation Feed the Nation was a mass agricultural campaign launched by Nigeria's military government under General Obasanjo in 1976 to raise food production; it was replaced in 1979.
Operation Feed Yourself
Operation Feed Yourself was a national agricultural program launched by Ghana's military government under Colonel Acheampong in February 1972 to raise domestic food production and reduce imports.
Operation Fenkil
The Battle of Massawa was a February 1990 battle of the Eritrean War of Independence in which the EPLF captured the Red Sea port of Massawa from Ethiopia.
Operation Finale
Operation Finale is a 2018 American historical drama thriller directed by Chris Weitz, starring Oscar Isaac and Ben Kingsley in the story of Israel's 1960 capture of Adolf Eichmann in Argentina and his trial in Jerusalem.
Operation Fishbowl
Operation Fishbowl was the US Department of Defense's 1962 high-altitude nuclear test series in the Johnston Island area, part of Operation Dominic I, with five rocket-launched shots.
Operation Flash
Operation Flash (Croatian: Bljesak) was a military-police operation by the Croatian Army and special police, launched on 1 May 1995 to recapture Serb-held Western Slavonia in under 32 hours.
Operation Flavius
Operation Flavius: British SAS anti-terrorist operation in Gibraltar, 6 March 1988, in which Daniel McCann, Mairead Farrell, and Seán Savage of the Provisional IRA were shot dead as suspected car bombers; led to the McCann v. UK Article 2 judgment.
Operation Fortitude
Operation Fortitude was the 1944 Allied D-Day deception plan under BODYGUARD, with Fortitude North threatening Norway and Fortitude South a phantom First US Army Group under Patton threatening the Pas-de-Calais, keeping 22 German divisions there into July 1944.
Operation Fortune: Ruse de Guerre
Operation Fortune: Ruse de Guerre, originally titled Five Eyes, is a 2023 spy action comedy directed by Guy Ritchie, starring Jason Statham and Aubrey Plaza.
Operation Frantic
Operation Frantic was a series of seven American shuttle-bombing raids against Axis targets that landed at Soviet airfields in Ukraine between June and September 1944.
Operation Freedom Deal
Operation Freedom Deal was the code name for US tactical air operations in Cambodia from June 30, 1970 until Congress ordered bombing to cease on August 15, 1973.
Operation Freedom's Sentinel
Operation Freedom's Sentinel (OFS), the U.S. Afghanistan mission January 1, 2015 to October 1, 2021, succeeded Operation Enduring Freedom, combining counterterrorism against al Qaeda remnants with support to NATO Resolute Support; $134.3 billion obligated; replaced by Operation Enduring Sentinel.
Operation Frequent Wind
Operation Frequent Wind, originally codenamed Talon Vise, was the United States helicopter evacuation of Saigon on April 29 and 30, 1975, removing over 7,000 people.
Operation Freshman
Operation Freshman (19 November 1942) was the first British glider raid, sending Royal Engineers in two Horsa gliders towed by Halifaxes from RAF Skitten to destroy the Vemork heavy water plant in Norway; both gliders crashed and 41 of 48 men died or were executed.
Operation Fryday
Operation Fryday (working title Shooter) is a 2023 Hindi action-crime film directed and written by Vishram Sawant, starring Randeep Hooda as police informant Ghulam, with Suniel Shetty and Neetu Chandra; released on ZEE5 on January 26, 2023.
Operation Gibraltar
Operation Gibraltar was Pakistan's August 1965 covert infiltration of roughly 8,000 soldiers and Razakars into Jammu and Kashmir to spark an uprising; it failed, triggering Operation Grand Slam and the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War.
Operation Gladio
Operation Gladio: codename of the Italian branch of NATO's Cold War stay-behind networks, created in 1951 with CIA and SIFAR involvement, revealed by Andreotti in 1990, and debated over terrorism allegations.