All articles starting with O
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Optimizing compiler
An optimizing compiler is a compiler that produces machine code chosen to run faster, use less memory, or consume less energy, while preserving the program's observable behavior.
Optimum Coal Mine
Optimum Coal Mine is a large opencast and underground thermal coal mine at Pullenshope in Mpumalanga, South Africa, opened in 1971 to supply Hendrina Power Station.
Optimum combining
Optimum combining is a wireless receive-diversity technique that weights and sums multiple antenna signals to maximize output SINR, analyzed for cellular mobile radio by Jack Winters in 1984.
Optimum Communications
Optimum Communications, formerly Altice USA, is an American broadband and video company headquartered in Long Island City, New York, serving about 4.2 million customers across 21 states.
Optimum HDTV viewing distance
Optimum HDTV viewing distance: the seat distance where display pixels subtend one arc-minute, matching 20/20 visual acuity; about 3.2 picture heights for 1080p, 1.6 H for 4K, 0.8 H for 8K, alongside SMPTE 30° and THX 36–40° viewing-angle standards.
Optimus (robot)
Optimus, also called Tesla Bot, is a general-purpose bipedal humanoid robot Tesla announced at AI Day in 2021, entering first-generation production at its Fremont factory in 2026.
Optimus Prime
Optimus Prime (Japanese: Convoy, コンボイ), alias Orion Pax, is the Autobot leader of the 1984 Transformers franchise, originating from Takara's 1982 Diaclone Battle Convoy toy, named by Denny O'Neil, voiced mainly by Peter Cullen, and given a first film origin in Transformers One (2024).
Optina Pustyn
Optina Pustyn (Оптина пустынь) is a Russian Orthodox male monastery near Kozelsk, Kaluga Oblast, known in the 19th century for its elders and visitors like Dostoevsky and Tolstoy.
Optinose
OptiNose was a Yardley, Pennsylvania-based specialty pharmaceutical company focused on ENT and allergy patients, known for XHANCE nasal spray; Paratek Pharmaceuticals acquired it in May 2025.
Option (filmmaking)
An option in filmmaking is a contract giving a producer exclusive rights to buy film or TV rights to a script, book, or life story within a fixed period (typically 12-24 months) for an option fee, with rights reverting if not exercised; distinct from outright purchase and shopping agreements.
Option (finance)
An option, also called a share option, is a contract giving the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a fixed price.
Option key
The Option key is a modifier key on Apple keyboards, introduced in January 1983 with the Apple Lisa, that types special characters and modifies shortcuts in macOS.
Option pricing model
An option pricing model is a mathematical model that estimates the fair value of an option from the underlying asset's price, strike, volatility, and time to expiry.
Option-adjusted spread
Option-adjusted spread (OAS) is the constant spread over a benchmark yield curve that equates a bond's discounted cash flows to its market price once embedded options are valued.
Option-Critic architecture
The Option-Critic architecture is a hierarchical reinforcement learning method by Pierre-Luc Bacon, Jean Harb, and Doina Precup of McGill University, introduced at AAAI-17 in 2017.
Optional Practical Training
Optional Practical Training (OPT) is U.S. temporary work authorization for F-1 and M-1 foreign students, 12 months plus a 24-month STEM extension, regulated under 8 CFR 214.2 and upheld in Washington Alliance v. DHS.
Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict
The Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC), a 2000 treaty, prohibits compulsory recruitment of persons under 18 in armed forces.
Optional Protocol to the Convention on Special Missions
The Optional Protocol to the Convention on Special Missions is a 1969 treaty giving the International Court of Justice compulsory jurisdiction over disputes between its parties.
Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations
Two treaties adopted at Vienna on 18 April 1961 alongside the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, covering compulsory ICJ dispute settlement and diplomats' nationality; both entered into force on 24 April 1964.
Optional stopping theorem
The optional stopping theorem, also called the optional sampling theorem, is a martingale result due to J. L. Doob, showing no quitting strategy can beat a fair game.
Options framework
The options framework is a reinforcement learning formalism, introduced by Sutton, Precup, and Singh in 1999, that extends an agent's actions with temporally extended skills called options.
OptiScan Biomedical Corporation
OptiScan Biomedical Corporation was a Hayward, California medical device company that developed the OptiScanner 5000, an automated bedside glucose monitor for the surgical intensive care unit.
Optiver
Optiver is a global market maker founded in Amsterdam in 1986 that quotes prices for equities, options, and ETFs, reporting more than 10 million trades per day.
OPTN
OPTN (optineurin, GLC1E, ALS12) is a human chromosome 10p13 gene encoding a 66-kDa autophagy receptor regulated by TBK1 phosphorylation; mutations cause normal tension glaucoma and ALS.
Opto 22
Opto 22 is a privately held American manufacturer of industrial automation hardware and software, founded by engineer Bob Engman in 1974 in Huntington Beach, California, and headquartered in Temecula.
Opto-isolator
An opto-isolator, also called an optocoupler or photocoupler, is a semiconductor device that transfers electrical signals between circuits through light using an LED and photodetector.
Optoelectronic plethysmography
Optoelectronic plethysmography (OEP) is a noninvasive motion-capture method, introduced in 2001, that tracks infrared-reflective markers on the chest wall to measure breathing volumes, mainly in research.
Optoelectronics
Optoelectronics (optronics) is the branch of physics dealing with devices that convert signals between light and electricity, such as LEDs, laser diodes, photodiodes, and solar cells.
Optofluidics
Optofluidics, a field combining microfluidics and photonics named around 2002, manipulates tiny fluid volumes and light at chip scale to build tunable optics and miniature bioanalytical sensing devices.
Optogenetic activation
Optogenetic activation is a technique that uses light-activated proteins, typically the channelrhodopsin ChR2, to depolarize genetically specified neurons and control their spiking with millisecond precision, now in human trials for vision restoration.