All articles starting with O
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Order and Chaos
Order and Chaos: asymmetric tic-tac-toe variant invented by Stephen Sniderman (Games magazine, 1981). On a 6x6 board both players place X or O; Order seeks five-in-a-row, Chaos prevents it. Solved: Order wins with perfect play.
Order cycle time
Order cycle time is the elapsed time between when a customer places an order and receives the product or service, covering transmittal, processing, picking, and delivery.
Order finding and quantum period finding
Order finding is the problem of finding the smallest r such that a^r ≡ 1 mod N, solved by quantum period finding, the core subroutine of Shor's factoring algorithm.
Order No. 1 of the Petrograd Soviet
Order No. 1 of the Petrograd Soviet (Приказ № 1 Петроградского совета), adopted 1 March 1917, required soldiers' committees and placed the Petrograd garrison's weapons under their control.
Order No. 227 'Not One Step Back'
Order No. 227 'Not One Step Back' was a 1942 order by Joseph Stalin banning unauthorized retreat in the Red Army and creating penal units.
Order of Assassins
Order of Assassins: European name for the Nizari Ismailis, whose Alamut state (1090-1256) was founded by Hasan-i Sabbah; Marco Polo's hashish-and-garden legends are largely fabricated.
Order of Attorneys of Brazil
The Order of Attorneys of Brazil (Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil, OAB) is the national bar association holding a statutory monopoly on the practice of law in Brazil.
Order of Australia
Order of Australia: Australia's principal civil honour, established 14 February 1975 by Queen Elizabeth II. Four levels (AC, AO, AM, OAM), two divisions, community nominations assessed by the Council, announced on Australia Day and King's Birthday; Knights and Dames removed 2015.
Order of British Columbia
The Order of British Columbia (O.B.C.), established April 21, 1989, is the province's highest honour, recognizing distinguished British Columbians; 515 appointed since 1989, invested annually at Government House, Victoria.
Order of Canada
The Order of Canada, created 1 July 1967, is the cornerstone of the Canadian honours system, with three levels (Companion, Officer, Member), the motto Desiderantes Meliorem Patriam, and a snowflake insignia designed by Bruce Beatty.
Order of chivalry
Order of chivalry: a ranked society of honour conferred by sovereigns, states, or dynastic houses, from medieval military-monastic orders (Templars, St John) through monarchical orders like the Garter (1348) to modern state orders such as the Legion of Honor (1802).
Order of Daedalians
The Order of Daedalians is an American fraternal organization of military aviators founded by World War I pilots in 1934 and headquartered at Joint Base San Antonio-Randolph, Texas.
Order of Friars Minor
The Order of Friars Minor (Orden de los Frailes Menores) is a mendicant religious order founded by Francis of Assisi, approved by Pope Innocent III in 1209.
Order of Friars Minor Capuchin
The Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, also called the Capuchin friars, is a Franciscan religious order founded in 1528, numbering about 10,500 friars in more than 100 countries.
Order of Friendship (орден Дружбы)
Order of Friendship (орден Дружбы), Russian state order established 2 March 1994 by Yeltsin decree 442, replacing the Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples; awarded to Russian and foreign citizens for peace, cooperation and cultural merits, worn after the Order of Honour.
Order of Kim Il Sung (김일성훈장)
Order of Kim Il Sung (김일성훈장), North Korea's highest order, instituted 20 March 1972 for Kim Il Sung's 60th birthday; awarded generally on 15 April; Kim Jong Il received it four times, Putin in 2024.
Order of Lenin (Орден Ленина)
The Order of Lenin (Орден Ленина) was the highest order of the Soviet Union, established in 1930 and awarded until 1991 to individuals, military units, and cities for outstanding service, with over 431,000 awards.
Order of Leopold (Belgium)
The Order of Leopold (Leopoldsorde) is Belgium's oldest and highest national order of merit, created by law on 11 July 1832 under King Leopold I, with six ranks from Knight to Grand Ribbon across civil, military, and maritime divisions.
Order of magnitude
An order of magnitude is a factor of ten, the power of ten representing a quantity's scale; about 61 orders separate the Planck length from the observable universe.
Order of Merit
The Order of Merit is a British honor founded by King Edward VII in 1902, limited to 24 members and awarded at the Sovereign's sole discretion.
Order of Merit (Malaysia)
Darjah Bakti (D.B.), Malaysia's federal Order of Merit: instituted 26 June 1975, single class, limited to 10 living holders, no title conferred, awarded to Malaysians of national and international renown in arts, science, and humanity.
Order of Merit (Орден «За заслуги») (Ukraine)
Order of Merit (Орден «За заслуги»), Ukraine's three-class state order established by decree No. 870/96 on 22 September 1996, awarded for outstanding achievements in economic, scientific, cultural, military, state and public spheres, worn by class-specific rules and revocable by presidential decree.
Order of Merit (وسام الاستحقاق اللبناني) (Lebanon)
The Lebanese Order of Merit (وسام الاستحقاق اللبناني), created 16 January 1922, is Lebanon's highest-ranked national order, with an extraordinary grade for heads of state, a grand cordon, and four classes from gilt to bronze.
Order of Merit of Samoa
Order of Merit of Samoa (Poloā'iga mo Galuega Manoa'e ma le Ta'uleleia, O.M.), a Samoan state honour under the Honours and Awards Act 1999 for meritorious service or achievement in arts, learning, science, or religion, limited to 15 living holders.
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, also called the Bundesverdienstkreuz, is the country's highest tribute for services to the nation, instituted by President Theodor Heuss in 1951.
Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
The Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Ordre de Mérite du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg) is a Luxembourgish order of decoration established in 1961.
Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Ordine "Al merito della Repubblica italiana", OMRI), Italy's senior national order of knighthood, established by Law 178/1951, headed by the President, with five grades plus Gran Cordone, 3,500 annual awards since 2017.
Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (Order Zasługi Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej), a five-class Polish state order established in 1992 for foreigners and Poles abroad, rewarding international cooperation; conferred by the President, with the Commander's Cross as the standard award for ambassadors.
Order of Nine Angles
The Order of Nine Angles (ONA) is a decentralized occult and Satanic movement founded in Britain in the 1970s, linked by scholars to neo-Nazi networks.
Order of operations
The order of operations, also called operator precedence, is the rule that mathematical expressions are evaluated parentheses first, then exponents, then multiplication and division, then addition and subtraction.