All articles starting with O
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Octopus-inspired adhesive patch
An octopus-inspired adhesive patch is a synthetic patch patterned with miniature suction cups copied from octopus suckers, allowing reversible attachment to dry, wet, and underwater surfaces without chemical adhesives.
Octopus's Garden
Octopus's Garden, Beatles song on Abbey Road (1969), written and sung by Ringo Starr after a Sardinian boat captain described octopuses building gardens; recorded April and July 1969, his second Beatles composition.
Octopussy
Octopussy (1983) is the 13th official Eon James Bond film and Roger Moore's sixth as 007, directed by John Glen; Bond thwarts a nuclear plot disguised as jewel smuggling, outgrossing the rival Never Say Never Again.
Octree
An octree is a tree data structure in which each internal node has exactly eight children, recursively subdividing 3-D space into eight subcubes, or octants.
Octreotide
Octreotide (Sandostatin) is a synthetic octapeptide somatostatin analogue synthesized at Sandoz in 1980 and FDA-approved in 1988. It inhibits GH, insulin, and gut hormone secretion, treating acromegaly and carcinoid syndrome, with LAR monthly and oral formulations.
Octuple champion
Octuple champion: boxing term for a world champion in eight weight divisions, achieved only by Manny Pacquiao, who won 12 major titles from 112 to 154 pounds between 1998 and 2019.
Octupole deformation
Octupole deformation is a pear-shaped distortion of an atomic nucleus that breaks reflection symmetry, appearing as a static shape in nuclei like radium-224 and as octupole vibrations in many others.
Octyl methoxycinnamate
Octyl methoxycinnamate, also known as octinoxate or ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, is an organic cinnamate ester developed in the 1950s that absorbs UV-B radiation in sunscreens and skin care products.
Octylamine
Octylamine (octan-1-amine), formula C8H19N, is a straight-chain primary fatty amine, a yellow, ammonia-smelling, water-insoluble liquid used mainly as a building block for surfactants, other chemicals, and nanocrystal ligands.
Octyldecyldimethyl ammonium chloride
Octyldecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (ODDAC, CAS 32426-11-2), a C8:C10 dialkyl quaternary ammonium disinfectant used on surfaces and in water treatment; EU pesticide status not approved (2004/129/EC), corrosive and very toxic to aquatic life.
Octylphenol
Octylphenol is a phenol with an eight-carbon alkyl chain, used almost entirely in resins for tire rubber; its main isomer, 4-tert-octylphenol, became the first EU substance of very high concern for endocrine effects in 2012.
Ocugen, Inc.
Ocugen, Inc. is a clinical-stage biotechnology company headquartered in Malvern, Pennsylvania, co-founded in 2013 by Shankar Musunuri and Uday Kompella, developing gene therapies for retinal diseases, biologics, and vaccines.
Ocular albinism with late-onset sensorineural deafness
Ocular albinism with late-onset sensorineural deafness (OASD), also called ocular albinism with late-onset sensorineural hearing loss, is a rare X-linked disorder with severe vision impairment and moderately severe hearing loss appearing from adolescence to middle age.
Ocular anomalies-axonal neuropathy-developmental delay syndrome
Ocular anomalies-axonal neuropathy-developmental delay syndrome, or Harel-Yoon syndrome (HAYOS), is a rare ATAD3A (1p36.33) mitochondrial neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, spasticity, optic atrophy, neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy; OMIM 617183.
Ocular biometry
Ocular biometry is the measurement of the eye's dimensions, chiefly corneal curvature, axial length, and anterior chamber depth, used to calculate intraocular lens power for cataract surgery.
Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid
Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, also called ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid, is a chronic autoimmune subepithelial blistering disease causing progressive conjunctival scarring, affecting about 70% of MMP cases, diagnosed by direct immunofluorescence biopsy and treated with systemic immunosuppression.
Ocular dominance
Ocular dominance: behavioral preference for one eye and its cortical counterpart, ocular dominance columns in V1, described by Hubel and Wiesel; covers critical-period plasticity, deprivation, amblyopia, and the unsupported link to reading skill.
Ocular fluorophotometry
Ocular fluorophotometry, also known as vitreous fluorophotometry, is a technique that measures fluorescein concentration along the eye's axis to quantify blood-retinal barrier permeability and aqueous flow.
Ocular hypertension
Ocular hypertension is a condition in which the pressure inside the eye stays above 21 mmHg without optic nerve damage or vision loss, raising the risk of glaucoma.
Ocular microsporidiosis
Ocular microsporidiosis is infection of the eye by microsporidia, spore-forming parasites, causing either superficial keratoconjunctivitis or deeper stromal keratitis; it occurs mostly with end-stage HIV but also in healthy people.
Ocular motor nerve palsies
Ocular motor nerve palsies are deficits of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI causing diplopia. Also called third, fourth, sixth nerve palsy. Causes include microvascular ischemia, inflammation, aneurysm, tumor; pupil-involving third palsy is an emergency.
Ocular myiasis
Ocular myiasis, or ophthalmomyiasis, is infestation of the eye or orbit by Diptera fly larvae, classified as external, internal, or orbital. Oestrus ovis, the sheep botfly, causes most external cases, treated by larval removal.
Ocular myopathy
Ocular myopathy, chiefly chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), is a mitochondrial muscle disease causing progressive bilateral ptosis and eye-movement limitation without diplopia, distinguished from myasthenia gravis and thyroid eye disease.
Ocular pain
Ocular pain (eye pain, ICD-10 H57.1, ICD-11 MC18) is pain in or around the eye, from corneal abrasion to glaucoma, uveitis, scleritis, referred headache, or neuropathic ocular pain; red flags include vision loss and proptosis.
Ocular prosthesis
Ocular prosthesis (artificial eye, glass eye): wearable device replacing lost eye tissue after enucleation, evisceration, or congenital anophthalmia; made of cryolite glass or PMMA, fitted 5-8 weeks post-surgery, polished yearly, increasingly 3D printed.
Ocular Refraction
Ocular refraction (eye refraction, retinoscopy, autorefraction) is the clinical measurement of the eye's refractive error to derive an eyeglass or contact lens prescription, by subjective, objective, or cycloplegic methods.
Ocular siderosis
Ocular siderosis (siderosis bulbi): iron deposition in eye tissues from a retained iron-containing intraocular foreign body, usually after hammering trauma; causes heterochromia, cataract, retinal degeneration; treated by foreign body removal.
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN), also called conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia spectrum, is a dysplasia-to-invasive-squamous-cell-carcinoma continuum of the conjunctiva and cornea, linked to UVB, HPV, and HIV, treated by excision or topical interferon, 5-FU, or mitomycin C.
Ocular tilt reaction
Ocular tilt reaction (OTR): triad of skew deviation, ocular torsion, and head tilt toward the lower eye, from otolithic pathway imbalance; coined by Westheimer and Blair, 1975.
Oculis
Oculis, also known as Oculis Holding AG, is a Swiss-headquartered biopharmaceutical company developing topical eye-drop treatments that reach the back of the eye without injections.