All articles starting with O
9,097 articles
Olenellus
Olenellus is an extinct Lower Cambrian trilobite genus (Redlichiida, Olenellidae), type species O. thompsoni Hall 1859 from Vermont, an index fossil of the Olenellus zone with about 42 species.
Olenna Tyrell
Olenna Tyrell, née Olenna Redwyne, the Queen of Thorns, is the sharp-tongued matriarch of House Tyrell of Highgarden in A Song of Ice and Fire and Game of Thrones, mother of Mace, mastermind of Joffrey's poisoning, portrayed on screen by Diana Rigg.
Olenus
Olenus, an olenid trilobite genus named by Dalman in 1826, marks the base of the Furongian via Olenus gibbosus; famous for Kaufmann's discredited iterative evolution lineages at Andrarum, Sweden.
Olenya (Оленья) (air base)
Olenya, also Olenegorsk Air Base, is a Russian military air base on the Kola Peninsula near Murmansk that hosts Tu-22M3 bombers used for cruise missile strikes on Ukraine.
Olenyok
Olenyok (Оленёк), a 2,270 km river in Yakutia and Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, flowing from the Vilyuy Plateau to Olenyok Bay of the Laptev Sea; discharge 1,210 m³/s, basin 219,000 km², site of the 1633 Olenyok winter quarters.
Olenyok Gulf
Olenyok Gulf (Оленёкский залив), a shallow gulf of the Laptev Sea in Yakutia, Russia, west of the Lena Delta; 65 km long, about 130 km wide, up to 15 m deep, ice-covered from mid-October to June.
Oleosin
Oleosin: 15–26 kDa plant structural protein coating seed oil bodies (oleosomes), with a conserved ~72-residue hydrophobic hairpin and proline knot; prevents oil body coalescence, aids germination, freezing tolerance, and emulsion biotech uses.
Oleoylethanolamide
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endogenous lipid produced in the small intestine in response to dietary fat, acting as a satiety signal that reduces food intake and body weight gain.
Oleq Stepko
Oleq Stepko (Oleh Serhiyovych Stepko, Олег Сергійович Степко), Ukrainian-born artistic gymnast born 1994 in Zaporizhzhia; 2010 Youth Olympic double gold medalist, 2013 European parallel bars champion, 2015 world parallel bars bronze medalist; competed for Ukraine, then Azerbaijan from 2014.
Oles Honchar
Oles Honchar (Олесь Гончар) was a Ukrainian writer and public figure whose 1968 novel Sobor (The Cathedral) won readers and was then suppressed by party censorship.
Oleshky Raion
Oleshky Raion (Олешківський район), called Tsyurupynskyi Raion 1928–2016, was a district in central Kherson Oblast, Ukraine, centered on Oleshky; abolished 17 July 2020 and merged into Kherson Raion.
Olesoxime
Olesoxime (TRO19622), a cholesterol-oxime mitochondrial neuroprotectant from Trophos later owned by Roche, was trialed in SMA and ALS but showed no significant benefit and development ended in 2018.
Olester Benson Jr.
Olester Benson Jr. is a retired American chemist and Corporate Scientist at 3M who holds 89 United States patents and is elected to the National Academy of Engineering.
Olestra
Olestra (Olean), a sucrose polyester fat substitute developed by Procter & Gamble in 1968 and FDA-approved for savory snacks in 1996; nonabsorbed, noncaloric, reduces fat-soluble vitamin and carotenoid absorption, later largely phased out.
Olesya Belugina
Olesya Belugina (Олеся Владимировна Белугина), born 1984 in Penza, Russian rhythmic gymnast; Olympic group all-around gold at Athens 2004 (51.100), plus three world and three European group titles.
Olesya Chumakova
Olesya Chumakova (Chumakova-Mikheeva, Олеся Чумакова-Михеева), Russian 1500m runner born 1981; 2007 Universiade champion, 2007 European indoor bronze, and 4x800m indoor world record anchor (8:18.54).
Olesya Khromeychuk
Olesya Khromeychuk (Олеся Хромейчук) is a Ukrainian historian and writer who has directed the Ukrainian Institute London since 2020 and wrote a memoir about her brother, a soldier killed in 2017.
Olesya Rulin (Олеся Юрьевна Рулина)
Olesya Rulin (Олеся Юрьевна Рулина), Russian-American actress born 1986 in Moscow, known as Kelsi Nielsen in Disney's three High School Musical films; later Powers and NCIS: Los Angeles.
Oleta Adams
Oleta Adams (born 1953, Seattle) is an American gospel-rooted soul, jazz, and pop singer-pianist, discovered by Tears for Fears in a Kansas City hotel bar, known for "Woman in Chains" and "Get Here."
Oleum
Oleum, also known as fuming sulfuric acid or Nordhausen acid, is a solution of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid that fumes strongly and reacts violently with water.
Oleuropein
Oleuropein is a phenolic secoiridoid glycoside in olives and olive leaves, responsible for their bitterness and studied as a supplement whose health benefits remain unproven.
Oleyl alcohol
Oleyl alcohol is an unsaturated long-chain fatty alcohol, (Z)-9-octadecen-1-ol, a pale yellow oily liquid made by reducing oleic acid and used chiefly as a cosmetic emollient.
Oleylamine
Oleylamine, the cis isomer of 9-octadecenylamine, is an unsaturated C18 long-chain primary amine that stays liquid at room temperature and is widely used in nanocrystal synthesis as ligand, solvent, and reducing agent.
Olezarsen
Olezarsen (Tryngolza), an Ionis GalNAc-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide targeting apoC-III mRNA, lowers triglycerides; FDA-approved 2024 for familial chylomicronemia syndrome and 2026 for severe hypertriglyceridemia.
Olfactometry
Olfactometry measures odor by presenting controlled dilutions of a vapor sample to trained human assessors, converting perception into an odor concentration measured in odor units.
Olfactory bulb
Olfactory bulb: first central processing station for smell in the forebrain, receiving olfactory nerve input in glomeruli (100-200 um) and relaying via mitral and tufted cells to piriform cortex; site of adult neurogenesis and a marker in neurodegenerative disease.
Olfactory epithelium
Olfactory epithelium (OE), the sensory neuroepithelium of the nasal cavity containing olfactory receptor neurons, sustentacular cells, and regenerative basal cells; detects odorants via one-receptor-per-neuron cilia and renews neurons every 30–90 days.
Olfactory marker protein
Olfactory marker protein (OMP), UniProt P47874, is a 19-kD cytoplasmic protein of mature olfactory sensory neurons, discovered by Frank Margolis in 1972, used as a maturity marker and modulator of cAMP-based odor transduction.
Olfactory nerve
The olfactory nerve, or CN I, is the first cranial nerve, carrying smell signals from the roof of the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulbs of the brain.
Olfactory receptor
Olfactory receptor (odorant receptor, OR): seven-transmembrane GPCR of the olfactory epithelium, discovered by Buck and Axel (1991, Nobel 2004); ~400 human genes, combinatorial odor coding, class I/II binding mechanisms, and extra-nasal expression in sperm, skin, and gut.