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1855 Tokyo earthquake
The 1855 Tokyo earthquake, known in Japanese as the Ansei Edo earthquake (安政江戸地震), struck the shogun's capital of Edo on 11 November 1855, killing about 7,000 to 10,000 people.
1856 Crete earthquake
The 1856 Crete earthquake was a large intermediate-depth earthquake north of Crete on 12 October 1856 that destroyed thousands of buildings and killed more than 600 people.
1856 eruption of Awu
The 1856 eruption of Awu was an explosive eruption of Awu volcano on Sangihe Besar Island, Indonesia, in March 1856, killing 2,806 people through pyroclastic flows and lahars.
1856 United States presidential election
The 1856 United States presidential election, also called the Buchanan-Frémont-Fillmore contest, was won by Democrat James Buchanan with 174 electoral votes over Republican John C. Frémont (114) and American Party candidate Millard Fillmore (8), the Republican Party's first presidential campaign.
1857 Calabria earthquake
The 1857 Calabria earthquake, also called the Great Neapolitan earthquake, struck southern Italy on 16 December 1857 with magnitude near 7.0, killing about 10,000 people.
1857 uprising in Hyderabad
The 1857 uprising in Hyderabad was a rebellion during the wider 1857 revolt, led by Turrebaz Khan, whose 17 July 1857 attack on the British Residency failed.
1858 transatlantic telegraph cable
The 1858 transatlantic telegraph cable was the first working telegraph connection across the Atlantic, linking Valentia Island in Ireland to Newfoundland; it carried 732 messages before failing within weeks.
1859
1859, the year Darwin published On the Origin of Species, also saw John Brown's Harpers Ferry raid, the start of the Suez Canal, the Battle of Solferino, Big Ben's first chime, and the Carrington solar storm.
1859 Erzurum earthquake
The 1859 Erzurum earthquake struck Erzurum, in the Ottoman Empire, on 2 June 1859, destroying much of the city; death tolls range from about 920 to 15,000.
186 BC Gansu earthquake
The 186 BC Gansu earthquake was a mountain collapse in Han-era Wudu, China, killing 760 people, the earliest Chinese earthquake with a recorded death toll.
186 Celuta
186 Celuta is a roughly 50-km main-belt asteroid of the Phocaea group, discovered 6 April 1878 by P. M. Henry at Paris, with a 3.63-year orbit, 19.84-hour rotation, and S/K spectral type.
1860
1860 (MDCCCLX), leap year: Lincoln elected U.S. president November 6 with 180 electoral votes; Garibaldi toppled the Two Sicilies; Anglo-French force took Peking; South Carolina seceded; Napoleon III's liberal empire began.
1860 Damascus Massacre
The 1860 Damascus Massacre (مذبحة دمشق 1860) was an eight-day attack on Damascus's Christian quarter beginning 9 July 1860, killing thousands and drawing French intervention and an international commission.
1860 Democratic National Convention
The 1860 Democratic National Convention, held in Charleston, South Carolina, deadlocked over slavery and the two-thirds rule, splitting the party between Stephen A. Douglas and John C. Breckinridge.
1860 Republican National Convention
1860 Republican National Convention, Chicago May 16-18, Wigwam venue; nominated Abraham Lincoln on the third ballot over frontrunner William H. Seward, with Hannibal Hamlin for vice president, leading to Lincoln's 1860 presidential election victory.
1860 United States presidential election
1860 United States presidential election, held November 6, 1860: Abraham Lincoln (Republican) defeated Stephen Douglas, John Breckinridge, and John Bell with 180 of 303 electoral votes and 39.8% of the popular vote, triggering Southern secession.
1860 United States presidential election in Georgia
Georgia's vote in the 1860 U.S. presidential election: Breckinridge (Southern Democrat) won with 52,131 votes and 10 electoral votes over Bell and Douglas; Lincoln was not on the ballot; Georgia seceded in January 1861.
1860 United States presidential election in Maryland
1860 United States presidential election in Maryland: slave border state gave all 8 electoral votes to Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge, who beat Constitutional Unionist John Bell by under 1,000 votes; Lincoln drew only 2.48%.
1860 United States presidential election in Ohio
Ohio in the 1860 U.S. presidential election: Lincoln (Republican) won all 23 electoral votes with 52.33% of the vote over Douglas (42.30%), Bell, and Breckinridge; only Lincoln and Douglas carried counties.
1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections
The 1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections, held alongside Abraham Lincoln's presidential victory, gave Republicans their first House majority during the secession winter of 1860–61.
1860s
The 1860s: the 19th-century decade of the American Civil War and Reconstruction, Italian unification, Russian serf emancipation, the Meiji Restoration, and the 1866-1869 assembly of global telegraph, rail, and canal links.
1861
The year 1861: secession of eleven southern states, founding of the Confederate States of America under Jefferson Davis, Lincoln's inauguration, Fort Sumter, and the first battles of the American Civil War.
1861 eruption of Kie Besi
The 1861 eruption of Kie Besi was a major VEI 4 eruption of the volcano on Makian island, off Halmahera, Indonesia, lasting from December 1861 to 1862 and killing 326 people.
1861 Lagundi earthquake
The 1861 Lagundi earthquake was a great megathrust earthquake off the west coast of Sumatra on 16 February 1861, generating a tsunami that killed 1,105 people and destroyed a Dutch fort on Nias.
1861 Mendoza earthquake
The 1861 Mendoza earthquake, a magnitude 7 shock on 20 March 1861, almost completely destroyed Mendoza in western Argentina and killed thousands, prompting the capital's relocation.
1861 Sw. Sumatra earthquake
The 1861 Sw. Sumatra earthquake was a magnitude 8.5 megathrust earthquake that struck western Sumatra on 16 February 1861, rupturing the Nias segment and producing a destructive tsunami that killed several thousand people.
1862 Apollo
1862 Apollo (1932 HA), near-Earth asteroid and namesake of the Apollo group, discovered by Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg on 24 April 1932, lost until 1973; Q-type, about 1.5 km, 3.065 h rotation.
1862 Mankato mass execution
The 1862 Mankato mass execution: 38 Dakota men hanged December 26, 1862, in Mankato, Minnesota, after flawed military trials following the U.S.-Dakota War; the largest mass execution in U.S. history.
1862 Tainan earthquake
The 1862 Tainan earthquake struck southwestern Taiwan on June 7, 1862, during the Qing dynasty, damaging Tainan, Chiayi, and Changhua and killing several hundred to several thousand people.
1863
1863: pivotal middle year of the American Civil War, when the Emancipation Proclamation took effect, Union won Gettysburg and Vicksburg, Black troops enlisted, and the New York draft riots erupted.