All articles starting with P

'Pataphysics

'Pataphysics (pataphysique) is Alfred Jarry's mock science of imaginary solutions and exceptions, defined in Faustroll (1911) and institutionalized by the Paris Collège de 'Pataphysique, founded 1948, precursor to Dada and Surrealism.

GeneralSep 23, 2026

'Phags-pa script

The 'Phags-pa script (八思巴文), also called the new Mongolian script, was created by Ba Siba for Kublai Khan and made the Yuan dynasty's official script in 1269.

‘Potomia Cepora’

Potomia Cepora, also Potomi Cepora, an ancient road station in Paphlagonia on the Peutinger Map's Nikomedia–Gangra road, probably near Bayındır, Turkey; Barrington Atlas 86 C3, Pleiades 845046.

GeneralOct 20, 2026

‘Praesidio’

Praesidio, also Praesidium, is a Roman road station on the Tabula Peutingeriana and Notitia Dignitatum, identified with Khirbet al-Khalde in southern Jordan: a fort, caravanserai and aqueduct on the Via Nova Traiana near Aqaba.

"Polish death camp" controversy

The "Polish death camp" controversy concerns the misleading phrase for Nazi German camps in occupied Poland, its origins, Polish diplomatic responses, the 2018 Holocaust Law, and related court cases.

(Pronounced 'Lĕh-'nérd 'Skin-'nérd)

(Pronounced 'Lĕh-'nérd 'Skin-'nérd), also called Pronounced Leh-Nerd Skin-Nerd, is the 1973 debut album by Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd, produced by Al Kooper, featuring Free Bird and reaching US number 27.

*Panamara

Panamara (Πανάμαρα) was a hilltop sanctuary of Zeus Panamaros near Stratonikeia in Caria, Turkey, with festivals Komyria, Heraia, Panamareia, hair-offering rites, and a famous epiphany of Zeus against Labienus.

Parthanum/Tartenum

Parthanum/Tartenum, also Parthano (Antonine Itinerary) and Tarteno (Tabula Peutingeriana), a Roman road station in Raetia identified with Partenkirchen, Bavaria; garrison of the 1st Raetian cohort on the Augsburg-Verona road.

*Pisavi

Pisavi (Pisauis/Pisavis), a minor Roman road station in southern Gaul on the Tabula Peutingeriana between Tericias and Aquae Sextiae, 18 Roman miles from each; location uncertain, near Pélissanne, Provence, distinct from Pisae (Pisa).

GeneralOct 20, 2026

*Pons Drusi

Pons Drusi, a Roman road station and bridge site named after Drusus, founded 15 BC at modern Bolzano, South Tyrol; attested on the Tabula Peutingeriana, excavated at Gries, with the Museo Pons Drusi opened 2018.

*Ponte Navata

Ponte Navata (Pone Navata, Sibrik-dombi erőd) is a late Roman fort on Sibrik Hill, Visegrád, Hungary, built under Constantine I on the Danube limes, later an Árpád-era comital castle destroyed in 1242.

*Porsulae/Maximianopolis

Porsulae/Maximianopolis was a town of Thrace on the Via Egnatia, 7 km west of modern Komotini, Greece. Renamed for Emperor Maximian, it later became the Byzantine city of Mosynopolis.

#P

#P (sharp P) is a complexity class introduced by Leslie Valiant in 1979 for functions counting the accepting paths of a nondeterministic polynomial-time machine, equivalently the number of solutions of NP problems.

#P (complexity class)

#P ("sharp P") is a complexity class of counting problems, introduced by Leslie Valiant in 1979; where NP asks whether a solution exists, #P asks how many.

#P-complete

#P-complete problems are the hardest counting problems in complexity class #P, defined by Leslie Valiant in 1979; canonical examples are #SAT, counting satisfying assignments, and the matrix permanent.

⊕P

⊕P, also written parity-P, is a complexity class of decision problems where a nondeterministic polynomial-time machine accepts when it has an odd number of accepting paths.

P

The letter P, sixteenth in the English alphabet and fifteenth in the Latin, descends from Semitic Pē via Greek pi. Its sound is the voiceless bilabial stop /p/; ph spells /f/, and P is the symbol for phosphorus.

P (complexity)

P, also called PTIME, is the class of decision problems solvable by a deterministic Turing machine in time bounded by a polynomial in the input length.

P and R branches

The P and R branches are the two series of rotational fine-structure lines flanking a vibration-rotation band in an infrared spectrum, with ΔJ = −1 and ΔJ = +1.

P Capital Partners V B Ab

P Capital Partners V B AB is a Stockholm-based Swedish fund vehicle of private credit manager P Capital Partners, registered in 2021 as the fifth-fund entity, PCP V.

P chloronitrobenzene

p-Chloronitrobenzene (1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene, PNCB) is the para isomer of chloronitrobenzene, a yellow crystalline solid used almost exclusively as a chemical intermediate in dyes, pharmaceuticals, and rubber antioxidants.

P Cygni

P Cygni is a luminous blue variable star in Cygnus, famous for a giant eruption in 1600 and for the spectral line shape named after it.

P domain

P domain (Homo B domain), the conserved ~150-residue beta-barrel domain downstream of the catalytic domain in subtilisin-like proprotein convertases such as furin, PC1/3, and PC2; stabilizes the catalytic domain and regulates pH and calcium dependence.