All articles starting with Q
2,252 articles
Quantization-aware training
Quantization-aware training (QAT) is a neural network technique that simulates low-precision quantization during training or fine-tuning, so models stay accurate when deployed in low-bit integer form; it typically outperforms post-training quantization at low precisions.
Quantized community variants
A quantized community variant is an open-weight AI model converted, fine-tuned, or repackaged by a third party and published on a model hub such as Hugging Face.
Quantized enveloping algebra
A quantized enveloping algebra is a one-parameter Hopf algebra deformation of the universal enveloping algebra of a semisimple Lie algebra, introduced by Drinfeld and Jimbo around 1985.
Quantlab Financial
Quantlab Financial is a private, Houston-based quantitative trading firm founded in 1998 by Ed Bosarge and Bruce Eames that trades exclusively with its own capital and accepts no outside investors.
QUANTRANS trial
QUANTRANS (NCT05798286) was a French multicenter randomized trial testing Quantra viscoelastic test-guided transfusion versus standard coagulation tests in double-lung transplantation; 128 patients, no reduction in transfusion (p = 0.923).
Quantrill's Raiders
Quantrill's Raiders were William Clarke Quantrill's Confederate guerrilla band on the Kansas-Missouri border, organized December 1861, infamous for the August 21, 1863 Lawrence Massacre and Baxter Springs killings.
QuantRx Biomedical Corporation
QuantRx Biomedical Corporation was a Nevada-incorporated diagnostics company headquartered in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, that developed point-of-care lateral-flow tests, genomic diagnostic chips, and PET imaging agents before fading to nominal operations by 2017.
Quantum
A quantum (plural: quanta) is the smallest discrete unit of a physical quantity, introduced by Max Planck in 1900; quantum mechanics underlies lasers, transistors, and GPS.
Quantum acoustics
Quantum acoustics is the field studying interactions between matter and sound at the quantum level, with the phonon as its quantum of excitation, analogous to quantum optics.
Quantum affine algebra
A quantum affine algebra, or affine quantum group, is a Hopf algebra that q-deforms the enveloping algebra of an affine Kac–Moody algebra, introduced by Drinfeld and Jimbo around 1985.
Quantum algorithm
A quantum algorithm is a step-by-step procedure executed on a quantum computer, in which qubits carry information in superposition; Shor's 1994 factoring and Grover's 1996 search are the landmark examples.
Quantum algorithms for differential equations
Quantum algorithms for differential equations solve linear ordinary and partial differential equations by reducing them to sparse linear systems for quantum solvers such as HHL and QSVT.
Quantum annealing
Quantum annealing is a heuristic optimization method using quantum fluctuations to find low-energy states of an objective function, introduced by Kadowaki and Nishimori in 1998.
Quantum anomalous Hall effect
The quantum anomalous Hall effect is a quantized Hall effect occurring without an external magnetic field, first observed in magnetically doped topological insulators in 2013.
Quantum approximate optimization algorithm
The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for combinatorial optimization problems like Max-Cut, proposed by Farhi, Goldstone, and Gutmann in 2014.
Quantum Baby
Quantum Baby is Tinashe's seventh studio album, released August 16, 2024 on Nice Life; part two of the BB/ANG3L trilogy, eight tracks, featuring the viral Billboard Hot 100 hit "Nasty".
Quantum backaction-evading measurement
A quantum backaction-evading (BAE) measurement is a quantum nondemolition scheme measuring only one quadrature of an oscillator's motion, so detector backaction diverts to the unmeasured quadrature.
Quantum battery
A quantum battery is a microscopic quantum system that stores energy and delivers it as work, a concept introduced by Robert Alicki and Mark Fannes in 2013.
Quantum Bayesianism
Quantum Bayesianism, or QBism, is an interpretation of quantum mechanics, founded by Caves, Fuchs, and Schack in 2002, in which a quantum state expresses an agent's personal beliefs.
Quantum beat spectroscopy
Quantum beat spectroscopy is a Doppler-free laser technique that measures small energy splittings in atoms and molecules, reading beat frequencies in fluorescence after pulsed excitation.
Quantum benchmarking
Quantum benchmarking is the practice of running standardized workloads and measurements on quantum computers to compare the performance of their qubits, gates, circuits, and applications across devices.
Quantum bouncer
The quantum bouncer is the quantum system of a particle in a uniform gravitational field above a reflecting mirror; ultracold neutrons showed its discrete bound states in 2002.
Quantum Break
Quantum Break is a 2016 Remedy Entertainment third-person shooter published by Microsoft Studios for Xbox One and PC, fusing gameplay with a live-action TV show whose episodes change based on in-game junction choices; Metascore 77.
Quantum bus
A quantum bus is an engineered channel that coherently transfers quantum information between separated qubits or processor modules, realized as superconducting resonators, cables, or phononic waveguides.
Quantum capacitance
Quantum capacitance is the capacitance contribution arising from a finite density of electronic states, introduced in 1988; it limits capacitance in graphene and other low-dimensional electrodes.
Quantum capacity
Quantum capacity, also called quantum channel capacity, is the maximum rate in qubits per channel use at which quantum information can be transmitted reliably through a noisy quantum channel.
Quantum cascade laser
A quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a unipolar semiconductor laser, first demonstrated at Bell Laboratories in 1994, whose wavelength is set by quantum well thickness and used for gas sensing and spectroscopy.
Quantum cascade laser infrared imaging
Quantum cascade laser infrared imaging is a chemical imaging technique in which a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser maps a sample's chemical composition, chiefly for label-free digital pathology of unstained tissue.
Quantum cascade laser infrared spectroscopy
Quantum cascade laser infrared spectroscopy, or QCL-IR spectroscopy, is a family of mid-infrared analysis techniques using a quantum cascade laser source, first demonstrated at Bell Laboratories in 1994.
Quantum cellular automaton
A quantum cellular automaton (QCA) is an array of quantum systems on a lattice that evolves in discrete time steps by a translation-invariant, causal, unitary rule.